Exam (elaborations)
Exam 1 NSG552 NSG 552 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (2024/2025) (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
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Exam 1 NSG552 NSG 552 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (2024/2025) (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
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Exam 1 NSG552 NSG 5521. What are the 6 general principles of psychopharmacological
treatment?: -
Safety
Tolerabili
ty
Efficacy
Practicali
ty
Treatment
accessibility
Treatment
compliance
2. Pharmacokinetics: How the drug moves in the body. (ex. Where is it
,absorbed? How and where is it metabolized? Where is it excreted?)
3. Pharmacodynamics: What the drug does to the body. (consider
mechanism of action)
4. Define First-generation antipsychotics: Referred to as Typical
Antipsychotics.
Most have strong bond with D2 receptors only, cause EPS symptoms
faster due to prolonged receptor dissociation, have more dangerous
side effect profiles, have been around longer, more effective at treating
positive symptoms, less expensive. (Ex. Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine,
Thioridazine, Fluphenazine)
5. Define Second-generation antipsychotics: Referred to as Atypical
Antipsy- chotics. Most have a weak bond with D2 receptors and block
serotonin receptors leading to anti-depressive and anxiolytic effects.
They cause less EPS due to rapid receptor disassociation which leads to
rapid dopamine neurotransmission. Have less dangerous side effect
,profiles but can cause metabolic syndromes, have been around shorter
time, more expensive, more effective at treating negative symptoms
but can treat positive symptoms as well, long-acting injections available
for several of these. (Ex. Risperidone, Clozapine, Quetiapine,
Aripiprazole, Ziprasidone)
6. Extra Pyramidal Symptoms (EPS): Side effects caused by certain
antipsychotic medications, which include: involuntary or uncontrollable
movements. tremors. mus- cle contractions.
7. Tardive dyskinesia: A neurological disorder characterize by
involuntary move- ment of the face and jaw.
8. Upregulation: Occurs through chronic use of antagonists which causes
an in- crease in the number of receptors, externalization of receptors,
and increased sen- sitivity of the receptors. Prolonged use of antagonist
-> Up-regulation of receptors -> Sudden withdrawal of antagonist ->
increased number of receptors and increased sensitivity of receptors
, *YOU MUST GRADUALLY TAPER A DRUG TO AVOID BINDING TO ALL NEW
RECEPTORS FROM UPREGULATION
9. Down regulation: Occurs by chronic exposure of agonists which causes
de- creased number of receptors, internalization of receptors, and
decreased sensitivity of the receptors. Prolonged use of agonist ->
down-regulation of receptors -> decreased effectiveness of agonist
mediated clinical response.
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