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MLT 106 Unit 1-8 Complete Questions And Answers 100% Correct Tests
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MLT 106 Unit 1-8 Complete Questions And Answers 100% Correct Tests
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MLT 106 Unit 1-8 Complete Questions And Answers100% Correct Tests
Immune System (IS) ANS Tissues, cells and biological mediators that work together defending or
protecting host organism from foreign substances and abnormal cells
Immunity ANS Process by which a host organism protects itself from attacks by external and internal
agents
Acquired immunity ANS Formation of specific antigen-antibody and specific responses
Self ANS Anything that is derived from the host
Nonself ANS Anything physically outside the host
What are the major components of the vertebrate immune system? ANS Cellular and humoral immunity
Cellular immunity ANS Mediated by various IS cells
Cytokines ANS Protein or peptide molecules function as powerful mediators of immune system
Lymphokines ANS Produced by lymphocytes
Monokines ANS Monocytes and macrophages
Chemokines ANS Attractant molecules that interact between cells and complement proteins and are
important in destroying pathogens
Phagocytes ANS Complex molecular structures on surface of invading cells or in secretions and fluids of
the host body
,Humoral immunity ANS Fluid parts of IS
What is the most important part of humoral immunity? ANS Antibody
What are antibodies also called? ANS Immunoglobulins
What are the two major parts of Immune System? ANS Innate and Adaptive (Acquired) immunity
Innate immunity ANS Nonspecific IS
- immediate line of immune defense
- present at birth
- external
- no modifications needed
What cells are of the innate immune system? ANS Phagocytic leukocytes and natural killer cells
What are the two major phagocytic cells? ANS Polymorphonuclear cells
Mononuclear cells
What are the three major roles of complement in immunity? ANS Lysis
Opsonization and phagocytosis
Mediation of inflammation
Adaptive (acquired) Immunity ANS Most highly evolved
- most specific
- evolves via specific contact
- adapt to and destroy new pathogens
Antithetical antigen ANS Antigen that an antibody is made against
,B lymphocytes ANS Develop in bone marrow and are responsible for humoral immunity (antibody
production)
- when activated become plasma cells
- do not normally exceed 2%
T- Lymphocytes ANS Originate in bone marrow but mature in thymus
- responsible in cell-mediated immunity
- regulates antibody reactions
- 60-80% of circulating lymphocytes
What are the types of T Lymphocytes? ANS Helper/Inducer T-cells (CD4)
Cytotoxic T-cells (CD8)
Regulatory Suppressor T-Cells
Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells)
Helper/Induce T-cells (CD4) ANS - activates and directs
- secrete cytokines that activate macrophages
- assist B cells in antibody production
- activate suppressor cells
*MHC Class II*
Cytotoxic T-Cells (CD8) ANS - attack and lyse cells infected with viruses, tumor cells, bacteria, and cells
that are damaged or otherwise dysfunctional
*MHC Class I*
Regulatory (suppressor) T cells ANS Inhibit activities of B-cells and T-cells
Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells) ANS Granular lymphocytes, destroy tumor cells and virus-infected cells
What cells are considered Granulocytes? ANS Neutrophils
Basophils
, Eosinophils
Neutrophils ANS Purpose is in phagocytosis
Basophils ANS Accumulate at inflammatory sites and release histamines
-activated by IgE
Eosinophils ANS Kill invading microorganisms
Control allergic reaction
What cells are considered agranulocytes? ANS Monocytes
Macrophages
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) ANS Key component of adaptive immunity
Chemokines ANS Chemical signals
Cytokines ANS Mediators
What are the two main cytokines? ANS Lymphokines
Monokines
Major Histocompatability Complex (MHC) ANS Critical in immune recognition and regulation of antigen
presentation
Class I molecules are present in what type of cells? ANS Uncleared cells except trophoblasts and sperm
Class II molecules are present in what type of cells? ANS Antigen-presenting cells
IgG ANS crosses placenta
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