WSU Biology 106 Exam 2 Questions With
100% Verified Answers.
Differentiation - answer✔process in which cells become specialized in structure and function
roots - answer✔Absorbs water and minerals from the ground. Anchors plant in ground.
shoots - answer✔The aerial portion of a plant body, consisting of stems, leaves, and flowers.
vascular tissue - answer✔Transports nutrients throughout a plant; can be long distance. Happens
within Xylem and Phloem
Xylem - answer✔vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant
Phloem - answer✔Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a
plant
Diffusion - answer✔Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
selective permeability - answer✔A property of a plasma membrane that allows some substances
to cross more easily than others.
plasma membrane - answer✔The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective
barrier, thereby regulating the cell's chemical composition.
Co-transport - answer✔Transport across a cell membrane in which movement of one substance
relies on the movement of another in the same direction.
symplast - answer✔System of transport within a plant consisting of openings in cell walls called
plasmodesmata.
apoplast - answer✔In plants, the continuum of cell walls plus the extracellular spaces.
endodermis - answer✔The innermost layer of the cortex in plant roots; a cylinder one cell thick
that forms the boundary between the cortex and the vascular cylinder.
root hairs - answer✔tiny hair-like extensions that increase the surface area of the root allowing it
to absorbs more water and nutrients
Osmosis - answer✔Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
active transport - answer✔Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane
against a concentration difference
bulk flow - answer✔the movement of a fluid driven by pressure
water potential - answer✔The physical property predicting the direction in which water will
flow, governed by solute concentration and applied pressure.
Cohesion - answer✔Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Adhesion - answer✔An attraction between molecules of different substances
transpiration-cohesion-tension mechanism - answer✔A transport mechanism that drives the
upward movement of water in plants.
Stomata - answer✔Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon
dioxide can move
sugar source - answer✔A plant organ in which sugar is being produced by either photosynthesis
or the breakdown of starch. Mature leaves are the primary sugar sources of plants.
sugar sink - answer✔A plant organ that is a net consumer or storer of sugar. Growing roots,
shoot tips, stems, and fruits are sugar sinks supplied by phloem.
Auxin - answer✔A plant hormone that speeds up the rate of growth of plant cells
Ethylene - answer✔The only gaseous plant hormone. Among its many effects are response to
mechanical stress, programmed cell death, leaf abscission, and fruit ripening.
Gravitropism - answer✔A growth response to gravity
statoliths - answer✔specialized plastids containing dense starch grains, that let plants know up
from down.
thigmorphogenesis - answer✔A response in plants to chronic mechanical stimulation, resulting
from increased ethylene production; example is thickening stems in response to strong winds
how does plant respond to salt stress - answer✔produces solutes at a high concentration
what helps plant deal with heat stress - answer✔Heat Shock Proteins (HSP)
biotic stress - answer✔
why are seed plants important to humans? - answer✔food, wood, medicines
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