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DistanceLearningCentre.comLEARNING MATERIALS
Subject: Physics / Medicine
Unit: Medical Uses of Radioisotopes
Topic 1: Medical Uses of Radioisotopes
Level: 3
Essential reading
The essential textbook for this topic is Medical Physics: Imaging by
Jean Pope, published by Heinemann, ISBN No: 0-435-57094-3.
Recommended reading:
Recommended reading for this topic is listed in the back pages of
these learning materials.
Further resources:
Further resources to deepen your learning on specific aspects of this
topic are listed throughout these learning materials.
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© DistanceLearningCentre.com, 2022
, Subject: Physics / Medicine
Unit: Medical Uses of Radioisotopes
Topic: Medical Uses of Radioisotopes
Level: 3
LEARNING MATERIALS
Contents
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Introduction .................................................................................................... 1
1. Atoms, subatomic particles and isotopes........................................... 2
1.1 Atomic structure ....................................................................................... 2
1.2 Isotopes ................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1 Atomic number and mass number .............................................. 3
2. Radioactive decay ................................................................................. 5
2.1 Half-life .................................................................................................... 5
3. Types of radiation ................................................................................. 8
3.1 Background radiation ............................................................................... 8
3.2 Alpha, beta and gamma radiation ............................................................ 8
3.2.1 Decay equations ........................................................................ 9
3.3 Ionising radiation.................................................................................... 10
4. Medical uses of radioactive isotopes ................................................ 12
4.1 Radionuclides ........................................................................................ 12
4.1.1 Radiological properties of radionuclides ................................... 14
4.1.2 Biological properties of radionuclides ....................................... 14
4.2 Gamma camera ..................................................................................... 14
4.2.1 Collimator ................................................................................. 15
4.2.2 Scintillator ................................................................................ 15
4.2.3 Photomultiplier tube (PMT)....................................................... 15
4.2.4 Uses of gamma cameras ......................................................... 16
4.3 Radiotherapy using radiopharmaceuticals ............................................. 16
5. The effects of radiation on the body .................................................. 18
5.1 Somatic and Germline Effects................................................................ 18
5.2 Effective radiation dose calculations ...................................................... 18
5.3 Relative Biological Effect ....................................................................... 21
5.4 Exposure ............................................................................................... 22
Recommended reading ............................................................................... 26
Credits .......................................................................................................... 26
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