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14 - Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides Questions and Answers
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14 - Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides Questions and Answers Carboxylic Acids An organic compound containing the carboxyl group. Carboxyl Group A functional group found in carboxylic acids composed of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. Previous Play Next Rewind 10 second...

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  • October 2, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • 14 carboxylic acids esters amines and amides
  • carboxylic acids an organic compound containing th
  • carboxyl group a functional group found in carboxy

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14 - Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines,
and Amides Questions and Answers
Carboxylic Acids - answer An organic compound containing the carboxyl group.

Carboxyl Group - answer A functional group found in carboxylic acids composed of
carbonyl and hydroxyl groups.

IUPAC Names of Carboxylic Acids - answer The IUPAC names of carboxylic acids
replace the e of the corresponding alkane name with oic acid. If there is a substituent,
the carbon chain is numbered beginning with the carboxyl carbon. The simplest
aromatic carboxylic acid is named benzoic acid. With the carboxyl carbon bonded to
carbon 1, the ring is numbered in the direction that gives substituents the smallest
possible numbers.

Common Names of Carboxylic Acids - answer Many carboxylic acids are still named
by their common names, which use prefixes: form, acet, propion, butyr. These prefixes
are related to the natural sources of the simple carboxylic acids.

Carboxylate Ions - answer The anion produced when a carboxylic acid donates a
hydrogen ion to water.

Carboxylate Salt - answer A carboxylate ion and the metal ion from the base that is
the product of neutralization of a carboxylic acid.

Esters - answer An organic compound in which an alkyl group replaces the hydrogen
atom in a carboxylic acid.

Esterification - answer In a reaction called esterification, an ester is produced when a
carboxylic acid and an alcohol react in the presence of an acid catalyst (usually H2SO
4) and heat. In esterification, the ─OH group from the carboxylic acid and the ─H from
the alcohol are removed and combine to form water. An excess of the alcohol is used to
shift the equilibrium in the direction of the formation of the ester product.

Naming Esters - answer The name of an ester consists of two words, which are
derived from the names of the alcohol and the acid in that ester. The first word indicates
the alkyl part from the alcohol. The second word is the name of the carboxylate from the
carboxylic acid. The IUPAC names of esters use the IUPAC names of the acids, while
the common names of esters use the common names of the acids. Let's take a look at
the following ester, which has a pleasant, fruity odor. We start by separating the ester
bond to identify the alkyl part from the alcohol and the carboxylate part from the acid.
Then we name the ester as an alkyl carboxylate.

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