FAD 2230 EXAM 4 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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Course
FAD 2230
Institution
FAD 2230
What is stress? ★: a state of tension that results from the need to respond to change. ★Americans are among the most stressed people in the world. ★Families continually balance the demands put upon them against their capacity to meet those demands.
Defining Family Stress, Crisis and Resilien...
FAD 2230 EXAM 4 PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What is stress? ✅★: a state of tension that results from the need to respond to
change.
★Americans are among the most stressed people in the world.
★Families continually balance the demands put upon them against their capacity to
meet those demands.
Defining Family Stress, Crisis and Resilience ✅★Individual stress is physically and
emotionally experienced.
★Family stress: State of tension that arises when demands test or tax a family's
capabilities
★Family crisis: Situation in which usual behavior patterns are ineffective and new ones
are called for immediately
family crisis ✅★Crisis necessarily involves change.
★A crisis is a turning point with potential for positive effects, negative effects, or both.
★A crisis is a time of relative instability.
★Family crises require change in the way family members think and act to meet a new
situation.
★Whether things improve depends on a family's level of resilience—the ability to
recover from challenging situations.
theoretical perspectives ✅★From a structural-functional perspective, a family crisis
threatens to disrupt the family's ability to perform critical functions.
★The family development perspective typically analyzes family transitions—expected or
predictable changes—as family stressors that can precipitate a family crisis.
★The family ecology perspective explores how a family is influenced by the
environments that surround it.
★The family system framework looks at the family as a system, how each component of
the family influences all the others.
★The interactionist perspective views families as shaping family traditions and family
members' self-concepts and identities.
A Closer Look at Diversity: Young Caregivers ✅★An estimated 1.5 million U.S.
children under age 18 serve as caregivers to a family member.
What Precipitates a Family Crisis? ✅★Demands put upon a family—stressors—cause
stress and sometimes precipitate a family crisis.
★Stressors are less difficult to cope with when they:
,○are expected
○are brief
○are seen as not so serious
gradually improve over time
Types of Stressors ✅- addition of a family member
-loss of a family member
-ambiguous loss
-caring for a dependent, ill, or disabled family member
-unanticipated change
-ongoing family conflict
-demoralizing events
-everyday family hassles
-anxieties in a culture of fear
two common forms of boundary ambiguity ✅-physical absence, psychological
presence
- physical presence, psychological absence
Issues for Thought: Caring for Patients at Home ✅★Between 20 and 50 million family
members in the U.S. today are providing care that medical professionals once
performed in hospitals.
-Family members provide about 80 percent of all care for ill or disabled relatives
stress overload ✅Occurs when a family may be stressed not just by one serious,
chronic problem but also by a series of large or small, related or unrelated stressors that
build on one another too rapidly for the family members to cope effectively.
the course of a family crisis ✅-results from an imbalance between pressure and
supports
-3 phases
1) the event that causes the crisis
2) period of disorganization
3) reorganization and recovery
-vulnerable families: Families that are having difficulties or functioning less effectively
before the onset of additional stressors or demands
-The definition of a family "doing well" may differ based on whether they follow an
individualistic or collectivistic set of values
-resilient families- Families that are capable of doing well in the face of adversity
the period of disorganization ✅★After onset of crisis, a period of disorganization
begins. Habitual roles and routines become nebulous and confused.
★The period of disorganization may be so severe that the family can no longer function.
★At the nadir, or low point, of disorganization, conflicts may develop over how to handle
the situation.
, ★Once the crisis hits bottom, a recovery period sets in.
-Once the crisis hits bottom, things often begin to improve and families reorganize,
although some families do not recover intact.
after reorganization ✅After reorganization is complete, families may function
★At the same level as before
★At a reduced level
★At a more effective level
Family Stress, Crisis, Adjustment, and Adaptation: A Theoretical Model ✅The ABC-X
model states that:
A- (THE STRESSOR EVENT) interacting with...
(event or situation)
B- (THE FAMILY'S ABILITY TO COPE WITH A CRISIS) interacting with...
(resources)
C-(THE FAMILY'S APPRAISAL OF THE STRESSOR EVENT) produces...
(perceptions)
X- THE CRISIS
(degree of stress/ crisis)
Double ABC-X Model ✅★In the double ABC-X model, A becomes Aa, or family pileup.
★Pileup includes not just the stressor but also previously existing family strains and
future hardships induced by the stressor event.
Crisis-Meeting Resources ✅★The family's crisis-meeting capabilities—resources and
coping behaviors—constitute its ability to prevent a stressor from creating severe
disharmony or disruption.
★Three types of crisis-meeting resources:
1) personal/individual
2) family
3) community
Appraising the Situation ✅The nature of the stressor
The degree of hardship or the kind of problems the stressor creates
The family's previous successful experience with crises
Childhood legacies of adult family members
★A family tendency to define events as catastrophic/negative or not is often learned in
childhood.
★Vertical stressors and horizontal stressors both impact families.
★Reframing—redefining stressful events to make them more manageable—is
associated with more positive family functions.
★Not all family members agree in their appraisal of the situation.
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