Exam (elaborations)
Biology 235: Physiology and Anatomy I: Midterm 1
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Biology 235: Physiology and Anatomy I: Midterm 1
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Biology 235: Physiology And Anatomy I:Midterm 1
a Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) - increases concentration of calcium ions in blood
Calcitonin - decreases concentration of calcium in blood
Positive feedback loop - reinforces or strengthens a change in a controlled condition. change continues
until interrupted by some mechanism.
negative feedback loop - reverses a change in a controlled condition
feedback system components - stimulus, disruption in controlled condition, receptors, control center,
effectors, response, return to homeostasis
Molecule with covalent bonds -
molecule with hydrogen bonds -
Anatomy - Science of body structures and relationship among them
Physiology - Science of body functions
What are the structural levels of organization? - 1. Chemical, 2. cellular, 3. tissue, 4. organ, 5. system, 6.
organism
What are the 11 systems of the human body? - Integumentary (skin), Skeletal, muscular, Nervous,
endocrine (hormones), cardiovascular, lymphatic (immune response), respiratory, digestive, urinary,
reproductive
Metabolism - sum of all chemical processes in the body
catabolism - breakdown of chemicals to other components
anabolism - building up of chemicals to other ocmponents
Name the basic life processes - metabolism (catabolism, anabolism), responsiveness (detect & respond
to changes), movement, growth, differentiation (development of a cell from unspecialized to
specialized), reproduction (formation of new cells or an individual).
intracellular fluid - fluid within cells
extracellular fluid - fluid outside of cells (blood plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid...)
basic anatomical regions - cephalic (head), cervical (neck, upper limb, lower limb
superior - towards the head
inferior - away from the head
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