,Computer gNetworking: gA gTop-Down
th g
gApproach, g8 Edition
Solutions gto gReview gQuestions gand gProblems
Version gDate: gAugust g2020
This gdocument gcontains gthe gsolutions gto greview gquestions gand gproblems gfor gthe g8th
g edition gof g Computer g Networking: g A g Top-Down gApproach g by g Jim g Kurose
g and g Keith gRoss. g These g solutions g are g being g made g available g to g instructors
g ONLY. g Please g do gNOT g copy g or g distribute gthis g document g to g others g (even
g other g instructors). g Please g do gnot g post g any g solutions g on g a g publicly-available
g Web g site. g We’ll g be g happy g to g provide g a g copy g (up-to-date) g of g this
g solutionfmanual g ourselves g to g anyone g who g asks.
Acknowledgments: gOver gthe gyears, gseveral gstudents gand gcolleagues ghave ghelped gus
g prepare gthis g solutions g manual. g Special g thanks g goes g to g Honggang g Zhang,
g Rakesh gKumar, gPrithula gDhungel, gVijay gAnnapureddy, gYifan gZhou. gAlso gthanks
gto gall gthe g readers g who g have g made g suggestions g and g corrected g errors.
,Chapter g1 gReview gQuestions
1. There g is g no g difference. g Throughout g this g text, g the g words g “host” g and
g “end g system” gare g used g interchangeably. g End g systems g include g PCs,
g workstations, g Web g servers, gmail g servers, g PDAs, g Internet-connected g game
g consoles, g etc.
2. From g Wikipedia: g Diplomatic g protocol g is g commonly g described g as g a g set
g of ginternational gcourtesy grules. gThese gwell-established gand gtime-honored grules
ghave gmade g it g easier g for g nations g and g people g to g live g and g work
g together. g Part g of gprotocol ghas galways gbeen gthe gacknowledgment gof gthe
ghierarchical gstanding gof gall gpresent. g Protocol g rules g are g based g onthe
g principles g of g civility.
3. Standards gare gimportant gfor gprotocols gso gthat gpeople gcan gcreate gnetworking
gsystems gandproducts g that g interoperate.
4. 1. g Dial-up g modem g over g telephone g line: g home; g 2. g DSL g over g telephone
g line: g home gor g small g office; g 3. g Cable g to g HFC: g home; g 4. g 100 g Mbps
g switched g Ethernet: genterprise.
5. HFC g bandwidth g is g shared g among g the g users. g On g the g downstream
g channel, g all gpackets gemanate gfrom ga gsingle gsource, gnamely, gthe ghead gend.
gThus, gthere gare gno gcollisions g in g the g downstream g channel.
7. Ethernet g LANs g have g transmission g rates g of g 10 g Mbps, g 100 g Mbps, g 1 g Gbps g and g 10 g Gb
8. Today, gEthernet gmost gcommonly gruns gover gtwisted-pair gcopper gwire. gIt galso gcan
grun goverfibers g optic g links.
9. ADSL: g up g to g 24 g Mbps g downstream g and g 2.5 g Mbps g upstream, g bandwidth
g is gdedicated; gHFC, grates gup gto g42.8 gMbps gand gupstream grates gof gup gto g30.7
gMbps, gbandwidth g is g shared. g FTTH: g 2-10Mbps g upload; g 10-20 g Mbps
g download; g bandwidth g is g not g shared.
10. There g are g two g popular g wireless g Internet g access g technologies g today:
a. Wifi g(802.11) gIn ga gwireless gLAN, gwireless gusers gtransmit/receive gpackets
gto/from g an g base g station g (i.e., g wireless g access g point) g within g a
g radius g of g few gtens g of g meters. g The g base g station g is g typically
g connected g to g the g wired gInternet g and g thusserves g to g connect
g wireless g users g to g the g wired g network.
b. 3G g and g 4G g wide-area g wireless g access g networks. g In g these g systems,
g packets gare gtransmitted gover gthe gsame gwireless ginfrastructure gused gfor
gcellular gtelephony, gwith gthe gbase gstation gthus gbeing gmanaged gby ga
g telecommunications g provider. g This g provides g wireless g access g to
g users g within g a g radius g of g tens g of g kilometers g of g the g base
g station.
, 11. At g time g t0 g the g sending g host g begins g to g transmit. g At g time g t1 g = g L/R1,
g the g sending ghost gcompletes gtransmission gand gthe gentire gpacket gis greceived gat
gthe grouter g(no gpropagation g delay). g Because g the g router g has g the g entire
g packet g at g time g t1, g it g can gbegin g to g transmit g the
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