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PCN 103 Test 3: Ch. 34 and Ch. 35 Study
Guide.
Neurosis - answer✔describing ineffective coping with stress that causes mild interpersonal
disorganization
psychosis - answer✔out of touch with reality and has severe personality deterioration, impaired
perception and judgment , hallucinations, and delusions
Dementia - answer✔slow and progressive worsening of symptoms: impaired memory
judgement, personality changes, decreased cognitive function, impaired orientation
treatment for dementia - answer✔depends on the cause. prognosis is poor; essential feature of
this condition is slow deteriorating rate of mental function
Delirium - answer✔acute, rapid onset of symptoms:disorientation, incoherent thought content,
impaired cognitive function, symptoms worsen at night, illusions, hallcinations
treatment of delirium - answer✔treatment depends on the cause; prognosis is guarded
nursing interventions include - answer✔place large clock and calendar in view; keep curtains
opened and lights on during the day; and use calm supportive approach, do not expose to crowds,
give instructions one step at a time, keep in simple terms, place bed in lowest positions, monitor
wight montlhy; have family bring in patients favorite foods, assist as need with ADL's
schizophrenia - answer✔inappropriate emotional responses, bizarre behaviors, impaired
communication, delusion, illusions, hallucinations, inability to relate to others, self-care deficit,
symptoms present at least 6 months, with positive behaviors for 1 month or more
treatment for schizophrenia - answer✔treatment is milieu therapy(environment), psychotherapy,
antipsychotic drug therapy, and long term social support
prognosis is variable and depends on extent of the symptoms and responses to treatment
patient with paranoid type is often reluctant to seek treatment
nursing interventions for schizophrenia - answer✔be available to listen actively, use clear,
simple statements in communications; ensure that your body language is in tune with the
message; and avoid hand gesturing when talking to prevent distraction from message, use
verabal reminding pace large clock in view avoid having patient make choices, ask patients
directly about hallucinations
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major depression - answer✔prolonged, intense unhappiness symptoms include apathy,
pessimism, multiple physical complaints, guilt feelings, anxiety, isolation, suicidal thoughts,
appetite disturbance, fatigue, sleep disturbance, constipation, limited attention span, short term
memory disturbance
treat for major depression - answer✔antidepressant drug therapy, individual family or group
psychotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) when drug therapy is ineffective or drugs
are contraindicated
Bipolar affective disorder - answer✔mood swings with manic episodes, alternating with or
without episodes of depression. symptoms of mania: grand or self-confident mood,
overresponsiveness to stimuli, insomnia without fatigue, impaired judgement, irritability,
psychomotor overactivity
treatment for bipolar - answer✔include psychotherapy; antimanic drugs(lithium); and family and
individual supports. prognosis depens on response to medication and treatment
nursing intervention for affective (mood) disorders - answer✔use kind but firm manner,be honest
and consistent, show compassion, composure, avoid competitive activites, monitor meds, high
fiber diet to avoid constipation from meds
generalized anxiety - answer✔occurs around 20-30 yrs of age symptoms: apprehension,
irritability, insomnia, poor concentration, fear of unknown, preoccupied or neglectful self-care,
autonomic hyperacitvity, conversation dominated by physical complaints
treatment for generalized anxiety - answer✔relaxation techniques, exercise, visual imagery,
massage, biofeedback imagery and antianxiety drugs therapy
prognosis: is variable condition sometimes last 6 months or longer
panic disorders - answer✔severe anxiety, intense fear; exhibits physical manifestations suddenly
without apparent reason; onset in late 20's
treatment for panic disorders - answer✔use treatments for genalized disorders , attacks last
minutes to hours and possibly recur several times a week
phobias - answer✔persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, situation or activity; leads to
lifesytle or self-protective avoidance; social phobias are common in women
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders (OCD) - answer✔anxiety condition characterized by inability
to sop persistant, irrational and uncontrollable acts(compulsions) or thought (obbsessions)
contrary t person's standards or judgment; usually appears after adolescence, resulting from fear,
guilt and anticipation of punishment, person in orderly, meticulous, dependable stubborn
treatment for ocd - answer✔drug therapy using clompipramine
prognosis is more severe than with other anxiety disorders, complete recovery is rare
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nursing interventions for anxiety disorders - answer✔reduce agitation, restrict visitors to
decrease stimuli, encourage to share thought, relaxation techniques deep breathing imagery, brisk
walks, back rub
personality disorders - answer✔include poor impulse control(drinking, overeating, substance
abuse, assaultive behavior: self-destructive acts such as self-mutilation, manipulation of thers or
dependence on others
treatment of personality disorders - answer✔psycholtherapeutic drug therapy, support groups,
family counseling
prognosis is guarders
nursing interventions for personality disorders - answer✔be firm and consistent, set limits on
behavior, establish consequences for violating limits, provide positive feedback for appropriate
behavior; encourage ventilation of feelings, encourage decision making
sundowning syndrome - answer✔increased disorenation and agitation only during the evening
and nightime
dementia - answer✔an altered mental sate secondary to cerbral disease usually slow and
progressive loss of intellectual function that is often irreversible
the 2 key aspects of nursing intervention for dementia - answer✔reality orientation techniques
and providing a safe environment
hallucination - answer✔a sensory experience without a stimulus trigger
most common type of hallucinations - answer✔auditory hallucinations
apathy - answer✔lack of energy or interest, an acceptance of just sitting and doing nothing
affect - answer✔is the outward display or expression of emotion that is felt
flat affect - answer✔lack on nonverbal exprssion of emotions, such as facial expression or tone
of voice
anhedonia - answer✔the inability to experience happiness or joy
subtypes of schizophrenia - answer✔disorganized
pananoid
catatonic
undifferentiated
residual
disorganized - answer✔flat or inappropriate affect, incoherence; prognosis is poor
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paranoid - answer✔delusion, auditory hallucinations; prognoiss is good with treatment
catatonic - answer✔stupor, negativism, rigidity, excitment, posturing; prognosis is fair
undifferentiated - answer✔delusions, hallucinations, inchoherence, gross disorganization(does
not fit criteria of other types) prognosis is fair
residual - answer✔demonstrates typical signs and symptoms associated with schizophrenia
without displaying evidence of gross disorganization, inchoherence, delusions, and hallucination;
prognosis is poor
stages of schizophrenia - answer✔prodromal phase
prepsychotic phase
acute phase
residual phase
thought broadcasting - answer✔beleif that others know his or her ideas without action on his or
her part to convey the thought
ex: you all know the thought i have been having today
thought insertion - answer✔belief that ideas are put in his or her mind
ex: janie put these thoughts in my head for her own pleasure
thought withdrawal - answer✔belief that thoughts are being removed from his or her mind
ex: you have been stealing my thoughts
alogia - answer✔reduced content of speech
1. The nurse discussing the differences between a patient with a neurosis and one with a
psychosis explains that the patient experiencing neurosis:
a. experiences a flight from reality.
b. usually needs hospitalization.
c. has insight that there is an emotional problem.
d. has severe personality deterioration. - answer✔ANS: C
An individual with a neurosis has insight that he or she has an emotional problem.
REF: Page 1135
TOP: Mental illness
