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Menopause and Hormone Therapy study test guide with complete solution

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Menopause and Hormone Therapy study test guide with complete solution

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  • October 2, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • Menopause and Hormone Therapy
  • Menopause and Hormone Therapy
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Menopause and Hormone Therapy study
test guide with complete solution

What is the final cessation of menstruation? - Menopause

Average age of menopause in Western societies? - 51 years

Two ways to undergo menopause? - Naturally (Part of aging)
Surgical (Result of bilateral oophorectomy)

What is perimenopause? - The "menopause transition years" (1-3 years before and after last
period) when hormone levels are still fluctuating

What symptoms might a perimenopausal woman have? - Hot flashes
Night Sweats
Vaginal dryness

What is diagnostic of ovarian failure in menopausal women? - Consistently elevated FSH

What is the most significant factor in the production of menopausal symptoms? - Decrease in
estrogen

What happens to cycles as menopause approaches? - Cycles become longer and more
irregular

What happens to the menstrual flow as menopause approaches? - It starts to diminish and will
eventually start to stop or only have spotting

How long after the last menstrual period has occurred can you say that the transition to
menopause has occurred? - 1 year

A patient comes in complaining of spotting. She finds this unusual because she hit menopause
3 years ago. What do you need to rule out? - Cervical Ca

ANY BLEEDING AFTER MENOPAUSE IS ABNORMAL

Describe hot flashes: - Feeling of intense heat over the trunk and face, with flushing of the skin
and sweating

How long do hot flashes typically last? In what patients are they worse in? - Typically 2-3 years

,Worse in surgical menopause patients

What two things happen within the vagina as a result of menopause? - Thinning of the vaginal
mucosa
Decrease vaginal lubrication

What will you find on pelvic exam in a patient with vaginal atrophy? - Smooth vaginal mucosa

Clinical symptoms of menopause? - Cessation of menstruation
Hot flashes
Vaginal atrophy
Osteoporosis

What is the most common initial manifestation of perimenopause? - Hot flashes

Women with hot flashes are more likely to experience what feelings compared to asymptomatic
women? - Disturbed sleep
Depressive symptoms
Reductions in quality of life

Two classes of medication you can use to treat vasomotor symptoms of menopause? -
Estrogen or estrogen/progesterone regimens
SSRIs

If a patient undergoes estrogen or estrogen/progesterone therapy for vasomotor symptoms,
what is the maximum length of time they should be on them? - No more than 3 or 4 years

The Women's Health Initiative states that women using long term combination
estrogen-progestin therapy have an increased risk of what things? - Cardiovascular disease
CVA
Breast CA

What can you use to relieve feelings of vaginal atrophy? - Estradiol containing vaginal ring
Estrogen vaginal cream (short term)
Water soluble gel for dyspareunia

How much calcium should women be ingesting everyday throughout life? - At least 800mg

Once a woman reaches menopause, how much elemental calcium should they take? -
1200mg every day

Hormone replacement in post-menopausal women has been shown to help prevent what? -
Hip fractures

, What increases calcium absorption? - Vitamin D from food or sunlight

What type of exercise maintains bone mass? - Weight bearing exercise

What effects will women who undergo surgical menopause experience immediately? - Rapid
onset, severe vasomotor symptoms, dyspareunia, and osteoporosis

What are women started on immediately following a bilateral oophorectomy? - Estrogen
replacement therapy to decrease the severe symptoms

what is the gold standard for treatment of hot flashes - ANS hormone therapy

does hormone therapy cause breast cancer - ANS no

lack of estrogen in the vaginal and urethral area causes an increase in what complications -
ANS UTI

Hormone therapy is effective at the prevention of what - ANS osteoporosis

If a women has a family history of breast cancer is this a contraindication for starting hormone
therapy - ANS no

does menopause affect lipid levels - ANS yes

Should you discourage the use of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women - ANS no

defined as the span of time from puberty to perimenopause - ANS premenopause

defined as the span of time that begins with the onset of menstrual cycle changes and other
menopause s/s and extend through menopause to 1 year after menopause - ANS
perimenopause

when does the time frame known as perimenopause begin - ANS when a pt begins
experiencing menstrual cycle changes and other menopause related s/s

who long does the perimenopause period usually last - ANS 6-10 years

perimenopause begins with the changing of the menstraul cycle and menopause s/s and
continues until when - ANS through menopause and 1 year after menopause

what is another name for the peri menopause period - ANS menopause transitions (MT)

defined as the the final menstrual period which can be confirmed after going 12 consecutive
months without a period - ANS menopause

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