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CSUSM NURS 316 Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answers
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CSUSM NURS 316 Exam Questions And 100%Correct Answers
Name isotonic solutions - Answer .9 NS, D5W, Lactated Ringer's (LR), Ringer's Solution
Name Hypotonic Solutions - Answer 0.45% NaCl(1/2NS), 0.33% NaCl, 0.225 NaCl, 2.5%
Dextrose in water
Name hypertonic solutions - Answer 3% NaCl, Mannitol, D10W, D20W, D50W
What is an isotonic solution? - Answer same tonicity as blood, it does not cause a shift in
fluids. Often used as bloodstream volume expander.
Hypotonic solution A solution having less particles and more water compared to blood
and body fluids. It causes a shift from ECF to ICF in order to deliver the water to the
body as a dehydration treatment.
Hypertonic solution It has more particles and less water compared to blood and body
fluids. Fluids shift from the ICF to the ECF causing the body cell to shrink.
What is a major ion in the ECF? - Answer Sodium
It is a major determinant of ECF osmolarity and helps in the maintenance of fluid balance
and osmotic pressure.
What is a major ion in the ICF? - Answer Potassium
It helps in neuromuscular excitability, also acid base balance.
What is the normal sodium range? - Answer 135-145 mEq/L
,What are the causes of Hyponatremia? - Answer A: adrenal insufficiency
I: intoxication
D: diuretics
S: SIADH
*also diabetes, diarrhea, vomiting, diaphoresis, fistulas, burns
What are S/S of Hyponatremia? - Answer S: stupor/coma
A: anorexia (N/V)
L: Lethargy
T: Tachycardia, tendon reflexes decreased
L: Limp muscles
O:orthostatic hypotension
S: Seizures/HA
S: Stomach cramping, shallow and ineffective breathing
What are nursing interventions for Hyponatremia? - Answer D: diet, increase salty
foods, such as, soy sauce, bacon, cheese
R: Restrict fluids
A: Administer IV hypertonic solution
W: Daily weight
I: Measure I/O (strict?)
T: Thiazide diuretics
*Monitor cardio, respiratory, neuromuscular, GI, and renal status
*If client takes lithium, monitor Li level because hyponatremia can diminsh Li excretion
resulting in toxicity
, What are causes of Hypernatremia? - Answer D: deprivation (fluid)
I: IV hypertonic solution excess
V:Vitamin
A: Increase in Sodium intake
M:Medications, meals with high sodium
O: Osmotic diuretics
D:Diabetes insipidus
E: Elevated water loss
L: lower water loss
*kidney disease, corticosteroids, cushing's syndrome, hyperaldosteronism
What are S/S of hypernatremia? - Answer F: fever (low grade), flushed skin
R:restless (irritable)
I: increase fluid restriction and elevated BP
E: Edema (peripheral and pitting)
D: decrease urinary output, dry mouth
E: muscle twitching and irregular muscle contractions
L: skeletal muscles weakness, decrease or absent DTR
*extreme thirst
What are nursing interventions for hypernatremia? - Answer M: monitor sodium intake
and labs
A: alka seltzer, ASA, and cough preps shouldn't be administered
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