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NURS 5315 UTA EXAM 1 WITH QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS
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NURS 5315 UTA EXAM 1 WITH QUESTIONS AND VERIFIEDDETAILED ANSWERS 2024-2025
Atrophy - Answer E. Shrinkage of cells in size
P. Still functional
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse
Hypertrophy - Answer E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN
Hyperplasia - Answer E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular division
Physiologic: liver regeneration
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
Dysplasia - Answer E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
Metaplasia - Answer E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
Physiologic: N/A
, Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette smoke
Hypoxia injury - Answer E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases
anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
Free radical and ROS - E. normal product of ATP production, will overwhelm the
mitochondria- use up intracellular antioxidants
P. cause lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic
Lateral Sclerosis
Ethanol - E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, produces free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutritional deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4, inflammation
and fatty change of liver, hepatomegaly, progresses to liver failure irreversible
Oncosis - Response Na and H2O influx into cell and swelling of cell. Organ weight
increases, becomes distended and pale. Associated with high fever, hypocalcemia,
some infection
Fatty Infiltration - Response intracellular lipid deposition within the liver
liver unable to metabolize lipids. usually from ETOH or very greasy diet. can result in
cirrhosis
dystrophic calcification- Answer deposition of Ca in dead/damaged tissues
calcium salt precipitate and coalesce- cellular architecture and function impaired
r/t pulmonary TB, arteriosclerosis, traumatized heart valves, chronic pancreatitis
metastatic calcification- Answer deposition of Ca in normal tissue
result of hypercalcemia r/t hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, toxic levels of Vit D.
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