CMST
What is Communication? - correct answer ✔✔Imparting, conveying, or exchanging of information
through spoken words or sounds, writing or signs
Why do we communicate? - correct answer ✔✔• Physical—the better you communicate, the healthier
you will be
• Identity—Evolve and figure out who we are through communication
• Social—Relationships developed on social skills (traditions)
• Practical—We communicate to function, get jobs, tell how, etc
3 Types of Noises - correct answer ✔✔Physical
Physiological-hunger, activity level
Psychological-emotions
Communication - correct answer ✔✔Can be intentional or unitentional
It has a content and relational dimension
*content as in words
*relational as in what emerges between 2 people
Implications from Communication Model - correct answer ✔✔1. Communication is simultaneous
2. Meanings are in people, not in words
➢ Barney, Philadelphia, Team
3. Environment and Noise can affect communication
4. Channels make a difference
➢ Face to face, telephone, voicemail, texting, email, IM, writing letters
5. Communication is transactional {give & take}
,Features of Communication - correct answer ✔✔• Communication is a Process; ongoing—we are always
communicating
• Consists of creating and responding to messages
• You adapt to situations
Visible Aspects of Communication - correct answer ✔✔People (who we communicate with)
Symbols (represent ideas and concepts)
Technology (channel)
Invisible Aspects of Communication - correct answer ✔✔Meanings, Subjective {personal
interpretations/perceptions}, Learn {what we accept to be real; Example: Green =Go, Red =Stop}
Communication Modes - correct answer ✔✔1. Visual—Sight, dress, movement, facial displays
2. Tactile (touch)—hand on the shoulder, hug, pat on the back
3. Smell (Olfactory Sense) and Taste (Gustafactory Sense)
4. Auditory—music favorites
History of Rhetoric
(art of persuasion) - correct answer ✔✔Democracy took hold of Greece in about the 5th Century, Elites
stayed in power by creating symbols, Stability of the social structure depended on the hierarchy
One of the first teachers of Rhetoric: Corax, who developed the Doctrine of General Probability {if it was
unlikely, it probably wasn't true}
Corax's student Tisias refuses to pay Corax for teaching. Went to court over it...
Greek Tradition - correct answer ✔✔• Sophists
o one of the first oral teachers/ First official teachers of Rome
o Sophits meaning wisdom bearer
o Protagoras: Debate teacher
o Gorgius: taught Language in Rhetoric (language use to argue effectively, embellished speaking styles,
encouraged alliteration)
, Plato - correct answer ✔✔(student of Socrates) hated Sophists; believed that Rhetoric should not be
used for profit; thought of use as a sign of decadence and decay; wanted to control rhetoric by making it
a tool for spreading truth and beauty, and banning all language that did not reach that level; wrote The
Republic where he said that Philosopher Kings were the only ones who could attain true knowledge;
believed that the average person could not attain true knowledge *** NOT promoting true democracy
***
Artistole - correct answer ✔✔(student of Plato) said Plato isn't promoting true democracy, saw the value
in the Sophists; believed in true knowledge, but believed that those who could not attain true
knowledge could be persuaded to do good things; viewed rhetoric as a tool to enhance society; did not
want to restrict rhetoric (the more you know, the more you understand); came up with Artistic Proofs for
evidence
Pathos - correct answer ✔✔appeals to emotions
Ethos - correct answer ✔✔appeals to credibility
Logos - correct answer ✔✔appeals to logic
Rhetoric - correct answer ✔✔is the study of effective language use, art of impressive speech, or the
science of persuasion. It's how we use language or its symbols to persuade, discipline that explores how
messages influence people. More formally: The intentional source-created message with specific goals to
an audience
• Goal directed (Speaker intends to get a message to the audience or receiver)
• Source can be person or group
• Conveyed via Rhetorical Act or Rhetorical Artifact
o Act: live event {speech, protest, song}
o Artifact: manuscript, print, newspaper article, work of art
Dimensions of Rhetoric - correct answer ✔✔1. Human beings that create messages
2. Symbols are the medium for rhetoric {Wedding Ring meaning}