CMST 2060 final exam
Persona - correct answer ✔✔Image of the speaker
Way to gain ethos; image of the speaker created by the speech itself; personal narratives; form of
delivery—gestures, phrases/actions
Example of Persona - correct answer ✔✔Example: "I've always worked hard to make my own way. I paid
for my first car and made all the repairs myself. You know I've been responsible. Don't I deserve a new
car?"
Evoked audience - correct answer ✔✔image of audience
Attractive image of the audience that the speaker constructs; "we" "us," "you"
Example of Evoked Audience - correct answer ✔✔Example: "I know you have always taught me to be
independent. I couldn't ask for more loving parents who taught me to be my own person."
Identification - correct answer ✔✔common ground with the audience
Shared qualities that an audience has and the speaker tries to relate to that shared quality
Identification Example - correct answer ✔✔Example: "And I think I've become that person. But I also
know that Grandpa bought dad the car he used to drive across the country. I have that same desire. But I
can't make that drive in that old Rusty Chevette."
Distinction - correct answer ✔✔"I am better than you"
Special knowledge/superior to the audience; expert
Distinction Example - correct answer ✔✔Example: "I know this seems greedy, but I'm just trying to tell
you what I have learned. Twenty years ago, a person could go without a good car. But these days, people
judge you by your possessions. A good car means a good job. Trust me on this."
, Polarization - correct answer ✔✔dividing the audience "us vs. them"
Audience vs. criticized audience.
Polarization Example - correct answer ✔✔Example: "My friend Kyle wanted a new car too, but his
coldhearted parents said he didn't need it. But then they used the money to go on a Mexican cruise, and
then Kyle lost his job because his car broke down and he couldn't get to work. You don't want to like
them do you?"
-the use of inferences and proofs to establish relations that lead to specific conclusions
Type of Warrants: - correct answer ✔✔...
Warrant - correct answer ✔✔inferential leap between claims and grounds
Generalization - correct answer ✔✔drawing a general conclusion based on past experience
Example of Generalization - correct answer ✔✔"Ancient Greece was only the greatest nations in history,
and it upheld the doctrine of free speech. Therefore free speech is the mark of a great nation."
Analogy - correct answer ✔✔comparison of two things that do not usually go together (alligator tastes
like chicken)
Analogy Example - correct answer ✔✔"When Nazi-Germany suspended free speech in the name of
national security, it became a tyranny. Let us not follow their example in fear."
Sign - correct answer ✔✔based on external appearance about an underlying cause (car sound before a
breakdown)
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