GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING (NUR 210) PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 4: MEDICATIONS
FOR GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
, lOMoARcPSD|15963292
PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 4
Units 10 and 11
MEDICATIONS FOR GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
antiemetics, antidiarrheals, laxatives
Pathophysiology Considerations
Vomiting
o A 昀昀 ected by cerebral centers vomiting center, chemoreceptor trigger zone
(CTZ), & vestibular center
o Chemoreceptor trigger adrenergic activation and cholinergic reaction vomiting
center triggered patient vomits dopamine release (only happens with 昀椀 rst
emesis)
o Vomiting with no accompanying nausea may be indicative of brain damage
o BRAT diet bread, apples, rice, toast helps ease vomiting
Diarrhea
o Spoiled foods, bacteria, drug reactions
o Laxative abuse, fecal impaction
o Malabsorption disorders, bowel tumors, IBD
o Stress, anxiety
Constipation
o Bowel obstruction, fecal impaction
o Chronic laxative use eating disorders
o Ignoring use to defecate
o Neurologic disorders
o Lack of exercise
o Insu 昀케 cient consumption of 昀椀 ber or water
Peptic Ulcers
o Erosion of the mucosal lining can be esophageal, gastric, or duodenal
o Can be caused by hypersecretion of HCL or pepsin
o Stomach pH is 2 - 5
, lOMoARcPSD|15963292
o Risk Factors
o H. pylori infection tested for by a breath test
o Genetics
o Environmental factors
o Drug use
o Stress
o S/S gnawing, aching pain after eating
Gastroesophageal Re 昀氀 ux Disease (GERD)
o In 昀氀 ammation of esophageal mucosa caused by re 昀氀 ux of gastric acid into the esophagus
o Main cause incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (Cardiac sphincter)
o Smoking and alcohol can make it worse
o Interventions
o Sit upright for meals
o Do not eat right before bedtime
o Wear loose-昀椀 tting clothing
o Avoid hot, spicy, greasy foods
o Take any NSAIDs with food
Dopamine Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that has grossly excitatory e 昀昀 ects on
movement and helps facilitate controlled/voluntary movements
• Dopamine often has an opposing or complimentary relationship
with acetylcholine that changes depending on context
• Associated with executive functions: attention, working memory,
problem- solving
• Stimulation of dopamine pathways/centers can cause vomiting and
movement disorders (extrapyramidal symptoms)
Serotonin (5-HT) Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that regulates behavior, mood,
memory, and gastrointestinal homeostasis it is most often excitatory to the CNS
• Inotropic and chronotropic e 昀昀 ects increases intracellular calcium in cardiac
myocytes pharmacological modulation can lead to tachyarrhythmias
• Serotonin increases gastric emptying and gut motility
• Serotonin regulates pancreatic secretions, increases insulin secretion, glucose
uptake in muscle tissue, lipogenesis in fat tissue, and lipid accumulation in the
liver
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller YANCHY. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $16.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
