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NCHS Ancient Medieval Final Exam
Questions With Verified Answers
What reasons led to the end of the Republic? - answer✔-Advent of Latifundias, which gave
Senators power over most of the land
-Little representation from the Plebeian class
-Increase in the poor population, giving more power to the Patricians
-End of the citizen soldier and rise of political generals
-The need for a sufficient bureaucracy for the extreme size of the empire
-Loss of virtues
Who was Tiberius Gracchi? - answer✔He was the son of a Patrician family. He ran for Tribune
and began to support land restrictions that would limit the power of the Patricians and give land
back to the people. He was eventually assassinated as a traitor.
What type of tactic did Tiberius Gracchi use to gain support? - answer✔He used class warfare
and was able to villanize the rich senate to rally the people
What was the difference between Marius and Sulla? - answer✔Marius was a general from the
lower classes while Sulla was an aristocratic general from Rome.
Why were Marius and Sulla so important? - answer✔They showed how a loyal army and
political general could ravage a nation
Between Marius and Sulla, who was victorious? - answer✔Sulla was victorious and was
proclaimed dictator. He made many laws that further took power away from the people and gave
it to the senate.
Who was involved in the First Triumvirate? - answer✔-Julius Cesar, a senator/governor from
Gaul who was rich off taxes and wants to get out of debt and to become proconsul
-Crassus, a Patrician with no military, but extreme monetary and political power. he desired tax
cuts and an army.
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-Pompey, a military hero who desires political power.
How does the First Triumvirate gain thier wants? - answer✔They march on Rome and threaten
the senate, yet make it so the people see them as liberators and not tyrants
How does the First Triumvirate start? - answer✔Crassus and Pompey become friends after
defeating Spartacus together. Then, Caesar came in to make sure power was distributed equally.
What led to the end of the first Triumvirate and then to Civil War? - answer✔Crassus died in
Parthia, giving Pompey the chance to seize power in Rome. From there, Pompey accused Caesar
of treason and asked for him to disband his army and to return to Rome. Then Caesar crossed the
Rubicon.
Who won the 1st Roman Civil war? - answer✔Caesar won the civil war and was able to put
down rebellions and eventually become dictator for 10 years
How did Julius Caesar gain power? - answer✔He gained the position of governor of Gaul which
gave him a large amount of tax revenue. From there, he began building an Army of loyal soldiers
and became proconsul. From there, he gained the power of the people.
What were some of Caesar's reforms? - answer✔-He was dictator for life
-Grants citizenship to those in provinces
-Gives higher pay and land to soldiers and common people
-Creates new Public works to increase jobs
How did Caesar die? - answer✔The senate began to get weary as Caesar took more of thier
powers away. So, Brutus and other conspirators murdered Caesar. They became not heroes, but
enemies.
Who was in the 2nd Triumvirate? - answer✔-Octavian, the nephew of Caesar and heir to his
property
-Marc Anthony, one of Caesar's most valued political ally
-Lepidus, a general
All three split up the Empire and hunted down the assassins of Caesar
How does the 2nd Triumvirate end? - answer✔Due to political struggle, the three segments of
the empire split. From there, Lepidus loses his territory and only Octavian and Mark Antony
were left. Mark Antony was defeated at the Battle of Actium and later Mark Antony and
Cleopatra kill themselves. Augustus wins.
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Who becomes the first Emperor? - answer✔Octavian changes his name to Augustus returned to
Rome with great power. He had the power of an emperor, but kept that title off his name.
How did Augustus rule his office? - answer✔-Rotates around office positions so he does not look
like a monarch
-Gives the Senate the allusion of power
-Was known as a Princep, "First Among Citizens"
-Rome becomes a Monarchy
What was the Roman period of peace and stability called? - answer✔Pax Romana
Who was Tiberius Caesar? - answer✔He was the heir to Augustus. Although he once appeared
to be qualified for Emperor, after awhile he became mad and began killing all his enemies.
Who was Caligula Caesar? - answer✔He was the successor to Tiberius and was too young and
had no merit for his reign. In the end, his Praetorians killed him, setting the precedent for the
Julio-Claudians.
Who was Claudius? - answer✔He was the successor to Caligula and was elected because the
Army thought that they could manipulate him. Although he was ugly and had a speech
impediment, he was a very competent leader. In the end, like all Julio-Claudians, he was
assassinated by his wife.
Who was Nero? - answer✔He was the son of Claudius,. He was too young to rule and, after a
short while, became insane. He ends up killing all that oppose him, including his mom, and sets
Rome ablaze so he can build an extravagant palace. In the end, he kills himself before his
Praetorians, and will forever go down in history as the prime example of how age and bloodline
can defect a monarchy.
What was the crowning achievement of the Flavians? - answer✔They erected large architectural
projects such as aqueducts, vast road systems, and a new for of Romanesque architecture. Their
crowning achievement was the Flavian Arena, the Colosseum.
When people say "All roads lead to Rome," what do they mean? - answer✔Rome's vast road
network made it easy for ideas, culture, and trade throughout the empire. On top of this, many
aspects of modern culture comes from Rome.
Who was Emperor Aurellian? - answer✔He was a "Good Emperor" that was able to expand the
borders of Rome, truly marking one of the high points of the Empire.
Who was Emperor Hadrian? - answer✔He was a "Good Emperor" that was known for his large
defense efforts. He built a wall in England to keep the Caledonians (Scots) and he made reforms
to the Army, allowing them to protect Rome's territory more efficiently.
