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NURS 5315 UTA EXAM 2|| ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY UTA EXAM 2 ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+|| LATEST AND COMPLETE VERSION WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|| ASSURED PASS!!$29.49
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NURS 5315 UTA EXAM 2|| ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY UTA EXAM 2 ALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+|| LATEST AND COMPLETE VERSION
2024-2025 WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|| ASSURED
PASS!!
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - ANSWER: can use urine, saliva, or
serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies,
>99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - ANSWER: Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective
tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - ANSWER: Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability,
increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - ANSWER: Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate
or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-
inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines - ANSWER: Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and
eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
,2|Pag e
Prostaglandins - ANSWER: Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced
by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of
injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - ANSWER: Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to
the site of inflammation
Neutrophils - ANSWER: Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of
acute inflammation
Monocytes - ANSWER: Become macrophages when entering the tissue,
responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity
and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - ANSWER: Causes fever, activates phagocytes &
lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - ANSWER: Stimulates production of acute phase reactants
and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - ANSWER: Causes fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - ANSWER: Promotes production and maturation
of neutrophils
, 3|Pag e
Complement - ANSWER: Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and
increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and
opsonization.
Kinin - ANSWER: Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and
chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - ANSWER: Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form
fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX2 - ANSWER: Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain,
fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - ANSWER: Protect gastric mucosa-
prevent ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for
Celebrex. Can impair renal function , monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose - ANSWER: Synthesis of prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS - ANSWER: Inhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric
ulceration, GI bleeds, edema, renal impairment
ASA - ANSWER: Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits Thromboxane A2 and
prostaglandins
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