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Exam (elaborations)

NU414 Exam 2 STUDY GUIDE WITH SOLUTION

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NU414 Exam 2 STUDY GUIDE WITH SOLUTION...

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  • October 1, 2024
  • 24
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NU414
  • NU414
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Belina
NU414 Exam 2 STUDY GUIDE
WITH SOLUTION

epidemic

endemic

pandemic

Epidemic: significant increase in # of cases than would normally be

Endemic: usual # of cases of a disease that occur within a population

Pandemic: epidemic across the globe

infectivity

pathogenicity

toxigenicity

Infectivity: the capacity of an agent to enter and multiply in the host

Pathogenicity: capacity of the agent to cause disease in the human host

Toxigenicity: pathogen’s ability to release toxins that contribute to disease
within the human host

chain of infection

Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, modes of transmission, portals of
entry, susceptible host

attack rate

,secondary attack rate

Attack rate: # of persons who are ill/ total population

Secondary attack rate: the spread of disease from those who contracted the
disease from the initial source to others

(Calculated by # of new cases in a group - initial cases / # of susceptible
persons - initial case)

approaches to controlled communicable diseases

Change the environment

Altering or eliminating the reservoir, controlling the vector, applying
personal hygiene, PPE, aseptic technique

Inactivate the agent

Use of physical or chemical agents (pasteurization, cold, chlorination,
disinfectants)

Increase host resistance

Active of passive immunity, vax

epidemiology

the study of disease distribution and its underlying factors in populations

Used to establish distribution and prevention of disease (where is it popping
up, etc), determine causal relationships, compare different intervention
outcomes (would doing this change anything), evaluate and propose primary
and secondary prevention programs/policies

Example of COVID19 response & TB

, epidemiology is based on ___, ___, & ___

Person (who is affected), place (what region is it occurring in), and time (over
what period of time does this health issue occur)

what did John Snow do

Investigation resulted in improved sanitation, disease mapping (frequency
distribution of number of deaths, location of deaths, residential patterns of
deaths)

science of epidemiology risk factor phase

main area of epidemiological investigations

Looks at linking exposures to occurrence of injuring disease

what is a risk factor

any attributable characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases
their likelihood of developing a disease/injury

epidemiological triangle

Components: host, agent, environment

Agent can be biological, chemical, an organism, nutritive, physical

Environment: the external factors that influence the host vulnerability

Applied to all diseases

web of causation

Looking at the cause and effect relationship between having a risk factor and
the health effect

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