NURS 611 Exam 4
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1. What is GERD? the reflux of acid and pepsin from the stomach into
the esophagus
2. what is a secondary esophagitis
condition that devel-
ops because of GERD?
3. what are causes of - abnormalities in lower esophageal sphincter
GERD? (LES) function
- esophageal motility
- gastric motility or emptying
4. What are triggers for - spontaneous relaxation of the LES triggered by
gastric reflux? gastric distention after meals
- diet and lifestyle factors:
-- food intake that causes delayed gastric emptying
--acidic foods
--obesity
5. What increases in ab- vomitting
dominal pressure con- coughing
tribute to GERD and re- lifting
flux esophagitis? bending
pregnancy
6. what type of hernia sliding hiatal hernia
contributes to reflux?
7. what contributes to the the high acidity (ph=2)
severity of injury with presence of bile salts
GERD? presence of pancreatic or intestinal enzymes
8. what are long term precancerous lesions
consequences of re- --> adenocarcinoma
flux?
9. what happens to the - mucosal injury
esophageal tissue in - inflammation
the presence of chron- - hyperemia
ic reflux? - increased capillary permiability
, NURS 611 Exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_feo8h4
- edema
- tissue fragility
- errosion
10. what is a hiatal hernia? characterized by a protrusion or bulging of an ab-
dominal structure into the thoracic cavity
11. what causes a hiatal weakening of the diaphragm muscle
hernia?
12. what are the three Type 1) sliding
types of hiatal hernia? Type 2) paraoesophageal
Type 3) mixed
13. what is a sliding hiatal the proximal portion of the stomach moved into the
hernia? thoracic cavid through the esophageal hiatus
14. what is the esophageal an opening in the diaphragm for the esophagus and
hiatus? the vagus nerves
15. what is the feature of laying in the supine position causes the lower
the sliding hiatal her- esophagus and stomach to be pulled into the tho-
nia that earned it it's rax, as the pt stands, organs slide back into the
name? abdomen
16. what accentuates a hi- increased resting abdominal pressure
atal hernia? - coughing
- bending
- tight clothing
- ascities
- obesity
- pregnancy
17. is a paroesophageal hi- a hernia of the greater curvature of the stomach
atal hernia? through a secondary opening in the diaphragm
alongside the esophagus that moves into the thorax
above the diaphragm
18. what are the compli- congestion of mucosal blood flow --> gastritis and
cations from a paraoe- ulcer formation
, NURS 611 Exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_feo8h4
sophageal hiatal her-
nia?
19. is reflux common in no
a paraoesophageal hi-
atal hernia?
20. what is a mixed hiatal less common.
hernia? a combination of sliding and paraoesophageal hi-
atal hernias
21. What is a simple in- can be caused by any condition that prevents the
testinal obstruction? normal flow of chyme through the intestinal lumen
22. Where do simple in- either the small or large intestine
testinal obstructions
occur?
23. where are SBOs more small intestine
common? Why?
narrower lumen
24. what are the two clas- 1) simple (more common)
sifications of SBO? 2) functional
which is more com-
mon?
25. What is the cause of fibrous adhesions of the small intestine
simple SBOs?
26. what is the patholo- SBO leads to distentions caused by impaired ab-
gy of symptoms with sorption and increased secretion with the accumu-
SBOs? lation of fluid and gas inside the lumen proximal to
the obstruction.
27. why is distention of the distention decreases the intestines ability to absorb
bowel is SBO a prob- water and electrolytes and increases the net secre-
lem? tion of these substances into the lumen
28.
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