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2024-2025 COMPLETE 304 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED AN
SWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
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Parents try to control the child's behav-
iors and attitudes through unquestioned
Dictatorial/Authoritarian rules and expectations
Example: child is never allowed to watch
TV on school nights
Parents exert little or no control over
the child's behavior and consult the child
Permissive when making decisions
Example: child assists with deciding
whether or not he will watch TV
Parents direct the child's behavior by set-
ting rules and explaining the reason for
AuthoritatiVe
each rule setting
VERY good parents
Parents are uninvolved, indifferent, and
Passive
emotionally removed
Fontanels Should be flat and soft
Posterior Fontanels Closes by 6-8 weeks of age
Anterior Fontanels Closes at 12-18 months of age
Fall back and arms and legs extend; pre-
Moro Reflex
sent from birth to 4 months
Turn head to one side and extend oppo-
Tonic Neck
site arm or leg; birth to 3-4 months
Babinski Touch foot and toes curl; birth-1 year
Normal Temperature 99.9 (37.5); axillary
Newborn Pulse Rate 80-180/min
Newborn Respirations 30-35/min
Infants gain approximately 150-210 g
(about 5-7oz) per week at the first 6
Weight months
Birth weight is DOUBLED by 6 months
Birth weight is TRIPLED by 12 months
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2024-2025 COMPLETE 304 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED AN
SWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
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6-8 teeth should erupt in infant's mouths
by the end of the first year
Dentition
First teeth typically erupt between 6-10
months
Use of interventions that minimize or
Atraumatic Care eliminate physical and psychological dis-
tress
Based on age, body weight, and body
Pediatric Doses
surface area
Double check high risk and facility regu-
lated medications with a second nurse
Use 2 patient identifiers
Medication Administration-Nursing
Allow the child to make appropriate
choices regarding administration (choos-
ing the left or right leg)
Oral route of medication administration is
Oral Medication
the preferred route for children
Children younger than 3 (otic meds) Pull the pinna DOWN and straight back
Children older than 3 (otic meds) Pull the pinna UP and back
Apply ELMA to the site 60 minutes prior
to injection
Atraumatic care for injections
Use the smallest gauge of needle possi-
ble
Distraction, relaxation, guided imagery,
positive self-talk, behavioral concentrat-
Nonpharmacological Pain Measures
ing, containment (swaddle), nonnutritive
suckingm kangaroo care (skin to skin)
Protest: screaming, clinging to parents,
verbal and physical aggression toward
strangers
Separation Anxiety (6-18 months)
Despair: withdrawal from others, depres-
sion, decreased communication,devel-
opmental regression
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2024-2025 COMPLETE 304 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED AN
SWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
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Detachment: interacts with strangers,
forms new relationships, appears happy
Inability to describe illness and follow di-
Infant Hospitalization
rections, lack of understanding
Limited ability to describe illness, expe-
riences separation anxiety, displays in-
Toddler Hospitalization
tense emotions, exhibits regressive be-
haviors
Limited understanding of the cause of
Preschooler Hospitalization illness but knows what illness feels like,
fears related to magical thinking
Beginning awareness of body function-
School Age Hospitalization ing, ability to describe pain, fears loss of
control
Increasing ability to understand cause
and effect, perceptions of illness are
Adolescent Hospitalization based on the degree of body image
changes, develops body image distur-
bance
Children playing independently but
Parallel Play among other children, which is a charac-
teristic of the toddler
Children playing together without or-
Associative Play ganization, which is characteristic of
preschool
Onlooker Play Child observing others
Solitary Play Child playing alone
Select toys that are safe for the child
Select activities that enhance develop-
ment
Nursing Interventions for illness, hospi-
Encourage parents to bring one favorite
talization, and play
toy from home
Use dolls/and or stuffed animals to
demonstrate procedure before its done
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2024-2025 COMPLETE 304 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED AN
SWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
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Allow the child to go to play room, if able
Encourage adolescent peers to visit
Involve a child life specialist
When death is expected or a possible
Anticipatory Grief
outcome
Extends for more than a year following
Complicated Grief
the loss
Depends on the child's cognitive, emo-
Assessment of Pain
tional, and physical development
Atraumatic, pharmacological, and non-
How is pain managed?
pharmacological interventions
Loud cry, rigid body or thrashing, local
reflex withdrawal from pain stimulus, ex-
Pain in young infant
pression of pain, lack of association be-
tween stimulus and pain
When can a child self report pain? Greater than 4 years old
Pain rated on a scale of 0-10
Used on children 2 months-7 years
Face
Legs
FLACC Scale
Activity
Cry
Consolability
All measured from 0-2
Use a treatment room for painful proce-
dures
Avoid procedures in "safe places" such
as the play room and the child's bed
Offer choices
Atraumatic Measures
Use developmentally appropriate termi-
nology when explaining procedures
Allow parents to stay with the child during
painful procedures
Use play therapy to explain procedures,
