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NFDN 2004 Midterm exam with verified solutions
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NFDN 2004 Midterm exam with verified solutions
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NFDN 2004 Midtermexam with verified
solutions
Fetal Death Rate - answer Death in utero of fetus weighing 500g or more
Neonatal death rate - answer Death of infant within the first 28 days of
life
Perinatal death rate - answer Still born and deaths of newborns within
the first 28 days of life.
- includes fetal and neonatal death rate
Infant mortality - answer Number of deaths per 1000 live births occurring
at birth or in the first 12 months of life.
Why is the infant mortality rate considered an indicator of a country's
general health? - answer Infant mortality measures the quality of
pregnancy, nutrition, and sanitation as well as infant health in a country.
Maternal mortality - answer Number of maternal deaths that occur as a
direct result of the reproductive process per 100,000 live births within the
first 42 days of the pregnancy terminating.
Possible causes of maternal death directly related to pregnancy - answer
Ectopic pregnancy, placenta previa, pregnancy induced hypertension
(PIH), anesthesia, hemorrhage, infection
Full term gestation - answer 37-42 weeks
,Presumptive signs of pregnancy - answer symptoms the woman has then
we "presume" she might be pregnant but might be other explanations for
them
- Breast tenderness, deepening pigmentation, urinary frequency,
quickening (begins to feel/perceive fetal movements), amenorrhea,
nausea
Probably signs of pregnancy - answer signs that can be documented, not
true findings because there can be false positive tests
- Goodell's (softening of cervix), Chadwick's (purplish/bluish vagina),
Hagar's signs (softening of lower uterine segment), ballottement (can tap
lower body of uterus and the fetus can be felt to rise against abdomen
wall), braxton hicks, fetal outline felt by examiners, serum lab tests
Positive signs of pregnancy - answer Only true signs of pregnancy
- Audible fetal heart, fetal movement felt by examiner, ultrasound of baby
4 common hormones that influence pregnancy - answer Estrogen
(growth)
Progesterone (maintenance)
Human placental lactogen (regulates/makes sure glucose is available to
fetus, lowers the sensitivity of maternal cells to the action of insulin)
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) (suppressing the maternal immune
response so that placental tissue is not rejected, sustains the corpus
luteum at the beginning of pregnancy, until placenta takes over at 8
weeks)
Fundus level at 20 weeks - answer At the umbilicus
Why does blood volume increase during pregnancy and by how much -
answer by 30-50%, and to provide adequate exchange of nutrients in the
placenta and to provide adequate blood to compensate for blood loss at
birth
Blood pressure over the trimesters - answer First trimester - normal BP
, Second trimester - BP may decrease due to decrease in peripheral
resistance as circulation is lowered by placentas expanison
Third trimester - normal BP
Supine hypotension syndrome - answer Decrease of BP due to pregnant
woman lying on back and the uterus compresses the vena cava and aorta.
S&S faint and lightheaded.
Tx turn to left side to relieve pressure
Highest risk of blood clots during pregnancy - answer During delivery,
high plasma fibrinogen levels and other coagulation factors are present.
Dehydration and trauma can also add to the risk of DVT
Naegale's rule - answer Calculated from first day of LNMP, add 7 days and
subtract 3 months OR add 7 days and add 9 months
ex. LNMP 10-01-20 EDD 07-08-21
Prenatal appointments - answer Monthly until 28 weeks
Bimonthly until 36 weeks
Weekly after 36 weeks until birth
Gravida and Para - answer Gravida - total number of pregnancies
regardless of outcome, including current pregnancy
Parity - Number of times a woman has birthed or completed a pregnancy
at 20 weeks gestation of greater. (counts include babies born alive or still
born after 20 weeks gestation, multiple babies parity is just one)
Chadwicks sign - answer Bluish/purplish discoloration of the cervix,
vagina and/or vulva
Quickening - answer First fetal movements felt by the mother
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