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N547 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
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N547 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
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N547 Exam 1 Questions With Complete SolutionsAre philosophy & knowledge abstract or concrete? Correct
Answer abstract
Compare and contrast inductive & deductive thinking Correct
Answer -Induction: starts w/ empirical info; uses data
collection/analysis & inference to form a theory
-Deduction: starts w/ theory; uses hypothesis, research design,
selection of measurements to form empirical info
Define "concept" Correct Answer -abstractly describes &
names an object, a phenomenon, or an idea, thus providing it
with a separate identity or meaning
Define "construct" Correct Answer -concepts with high levels
of abstraction that have general meanings
Define "data collection" in terms of research Correct Answer -
precise and systematic gathering of information/data relevant to
the research objectives
Define "instrumentation" in terms of research Correct Answer -
process of applying specific rules to the development of a
measurement device or instrument for the purposes of
measurement
Define "measurement" in terms of research Correct Answer -
process of assigning numbers to objects/events (i.e. Depression
Severity Scale)
,Define "reliability" in terms of research Correct Answer -how
consistently the measurement technique measures a concept
Define "rigor" in terms of research Correct Answer -Standard
of discipline, accuracy, precision, & objectivity
-Strict attention to rules and procedures
Define "validity" in terms of research Correct Answer -extent
to which an instrument actually reflects the abstract concept
being examined
Define "variables" Correct Answer -Measurable forms of
concepts
-measured, manipulated, or controlled in study
-Can assume at least two values (i.e. present/absent, hot/cold,
dead/alive)
Define the research "purpose" Correct Answer -specific
focus/aim of study
-indicates design of study
Describe each level on the rating system for hierarchy of
evidence: Correct Answer LEVEL I:
-evidence from systematic review OR meta-analysis of all RCTs
-or EBP guidelines based on systematic reviews of RCTs
LEVEL II:
-evidence obtained from at least one well-designed RCT
LEVEL III:
-evidence obtained from well-designed control trials w/o
randomization
LEVEL IV:
,-evidence from well-designed, case control & cohort studies
LEVEL V:
-evidence from systematic review of descriptive & qualitative
studies
LEVEL VI:
-evidence from single descriptive or qualitative study
LEVEL VII:
-evidence from opinion of authorities and/or reports of expert
committees
Describe intervention research: Correct Answer investigates
effectiveness of a nursing intervention in achieving desired
outcome or outcomes in a natural setting
Describe outcomes research: Correct Answer examines results
of care & measures changes in health status of patients
Four examples of DESCRIPTIVE study questions: Correct
Answer 1. What is the incidence of UTIS in the general patient
population at my institution?
2. What are the diagnoses of patients treated in a typical hospital
emergency room?
3. What is the average home blood sugar value in ambulatory
diabetic patients in one physician's practice in new york city?
4. What is the daily calorie intake for 14-year-old males below
the poverty level in the Los Angeles public school system?
How are (1) clinical expertise (2) best research evidence & (3)
patient needs/values related in forming evidence based practice?
Correct Answer clinical expertise & patient needs/values are
considered & driven by the best research evidence to form EBP
, (see diagram on slide #12 of chapter 1 PPT)
How are basic & applied research related? Correct Answer -
complimentary approaches to generate knowledge
1) basic knowledge is first discovered by *basic research*
2) new knowledge tested in practice using *applied research*
How are construct, concept, and variable all linked together?
Correct Answer -Construct: most abstract
-Concept: middle
-Variable: least abstract
EX: construct: "emotional responses"
concept: "grief"
variable: "score on grief scale"
How are hypotheses tested? What makes a hypothesis testable?
Correct Answer -tested by quantitative (NOT qualitative)
research
-contains variables that can be measured or manipulated in
practice (must be operationally defined)
-the null hypothesis is tested
How can you determine whether a study should be qualitative or
quantitative? Correct Answer QUAL: if the truth of the study is
subjective, the participant expresses their perception of reality
and shares w/ researcher
QUANT: if the truth of the study is objective, measured by
researcher
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