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PPN 102 - Week 7 Exam Questions And Answers
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PPN 102 - Week 7 Exam Questions And Answerswhat is stress? - Answer a state in which the body reacts to changes in its normal
balanced state HOMEOSTASIS
what is a stressor? - Answer anything that a person perceives as challenging,
threatening, or demanding
what is adaptation? - Answer the change that occurs due to a person's reaction to
stress (due to a stimuli)
Biological Theories Stress Models - Answer 1. Systemic Physiological Response
2. General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
3. Allostasis
Stress frameworks - Biological
*systemic physiological response * - Answer - Walter Cannon 1932 described stress as
a systemic physiological response to a perceived threat
- homeostasis/ dynamic equilibrium: when people are physically well, emotionally
centered and personally secure
- Stress upsets homeostasis
"fight or flight"
Stress frameworks - Biological
*general adaptation syndrome (GAS)* - Answer - Alarm reaction: perceives stressor,
defense mechanism activated (fight or flight)
, --> shock phase: changes to the body occur
--> countershock: changes to the body reverse
- Resistance: an effort of the body to adapt
- Exhaustion: adaptive mechanism is used up
Stress models - Biological
Allostasis - Response process whereby stability is achieved through physiological
change
Stress models
*Psychosocial* - Response 1. critical life events
2. transactional model
Critical life events Holmes and Rahe - Response- view stressful life events as stimuli that
disturb homeostasis and cause stress
- scale gives each life event an attributed numerical score which is weight by its
presumed influence of stress, with the highest impact having the highest score
- however this model was criticized for failing to take into account the distinction
between eventful life changes and indicators of continuing strains in the generation of
stress
What is the transaction-based model? - Response - conceptualizes person and
environment in dynamic interactions
- views stressors as individual perceptual response based on psychological & cognitive
processes
- individual responses influenced by beliefs, values, perceptions of control
- focus on stress related processes such as cognitive appraisal and coping
- primary -secondary-coping
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