Six Sigma - answer-seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of defects (errors) and minimizing variability in manufacturing and business processes
-structured and data driven to drive near perfect quality goal - "Zero Defects"
The goal of six sigma ...
Project Management: Six Sigma
Six Sigma - answer-seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying
and removing the causes of defects (errors) and minimizing variability in
manufacturing and business processes
-structured and data driven to drive near perfect quality goal - "Zero Defects"
The goal of six sigma - answer-to attain less than 3.4 Defects Per Million
Opportunities (DMO)
Six Sigma History - answer-Originated by Motorola in 1979
-in early to mid 1980s, Motorola developed the new standard and created the
method
-$20MM in savings for Motorola's pager production line
-change in mindset (Cost of Poor Quality) and culture
Six Sigma became famous when - answer-Jack Welsh (chairman and CEO of GE)
made it central to his successful business strategy at General Electric in 1995
-reported $200MM in savings in the first year of implementation (1996)
2 aspects of Six sigma - answer-1. Use of technical tools
-statistical quality control
-seven tools of quality
2. People involvement
-All employees responsible to identify quality problems
-all employees trained to use technical tools
-Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control - answer-DMAIC
Six Sigma Training levels - answer-yellow belt, green belt, black belt, master black
belt
yellow belt - answer-basic understanding of Six Sigma methodology and tools in the
DMAIC problem solving process. Team member on process improvement project
green belt - answer-A TRAINED TEAM MEMBER allowed to work on small, carefully
defined Six Sigma projects, requiring less than a Black Belt's full time commitment
black belt - answer-THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF SIX SIGMA PHILOSOPHIES AND
PRINCIPLES. Coaches successful project teams. Identifies projects and selects
project team members.
master black belt - answer-a proven mastery of process variability reduction, waste
reduction and growth principles and can effectively present training at all levels
Total Quality Management - answer-An integrated organizational effort to improve
quality at entry level:
-Quality Gurus
-Voice of the customer
, -costs of quality
-quality tools
-ISO 9000
Quality Gurus - answer-experts that significantly contributed to our current
understanding and practice of quality management today
W. Edwards Deming - answer-quality guru
-considered the "father" of TQM
-stressed management's responsibility for quality
-developed "14 points" to guide companies in quality improvement
Philip Crosby - answer--Coined phrase "quality is free" as defects are costly
- introduced concept of zero defects
-focus on prevention and not inspection
Joseph M. Juran - answer-defined quality as "fitness for use"
-developed concept of cost and quality
14 points - answer-W. Edwards Deming
3. cease dependence on inspection to improve quality
5. Constantly improve the production and service system
7. Institute leadership
9. Break down barriers between departments
14. Put everyone to work to accomplish the transformation
Four Absolutes of Quality - answer-Philip Crosby
1. The definition of quality is conformance to requirements
2. The system of quality is prevention
3. Performance standard is 0 defects
4. The measure of quality is the price of nonconformance
Joseph Juran - answer-1.Quality Planning, identify internal / external customers &
needs:
-Develop products satisfying those needs.
-Mangers set goals, priorities, and compare results.
2. Quality Control and determine what to control:
Establish standards of performance.
Measure performance, interpret the difference, take action.
3.Quality Improvement, show need for improvement:
-Identify projects for improvement.
-Implement remedies
-Provide control to maintain improvement
Objectives of Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award - answer-1. Stimulate firms
to improve
2. Recognize firms for quality achievements
3. Establish guidelines so that organizations can evaluate their improvement and
provide guidance to others
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