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Summary AP PSYCHOLOGY EXAM REVIEW Rated A
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AP PSYCHOLOGY EXAM REVIEW Rated A
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AP PSYCHOLOGY EXAM REVIEW RatedA
Wilhelm Wundt - Set up the first psychological laboratory. Used Introspection and
Structuralism
Introspection - Subject is asked to record exactly their thought reactions to a
simple stimuli
Structuralism - Idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and
object sensations
William James - Published "Principles of Psychology" and furthered Structuralism
towards Functionalism
Gestalt Psychology - Against dividing thought and behavior; examine a person's
total perception
Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalytic approach who believed the unconscious mind
showed who a person was - caused by repression of thoughts
John Watson - Behavioralist who said that psychology must focus on observable
concepts - Little Albert Study
,AP PSYCHOLOGY EXAM REVIEW Rated
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Behavioralism - Psychology should focus on only 'observable' behavior through
stimuli and responses
BF Skinner - Expanded ideas of behavioralism to include the concept of
reinforcement. He became the father of Operant Conditioning
Reinforcement - Environmental stimuli that encourage or discourage a response
Eclectic - Looking at thought/behavior from multiple perspectives - play it by ear
Humanistic Psychology - Stresses choice and free will of people; we choose our
action and make our own destinies
Psycho-Analytic Approach - the unconscious mind controls much of our thought
and action; to understand unconscious, dream analysis and other techniques are
used
Biological Psychology - Human cognition and reactions are caused by our genes,
hormones, and neurology
,AP PSYCHOLOGY EXAM REVIEW Rated
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Evolutionary Psychology - Examine human thoughts and actions through natural
selection - best thoughts/traits continue
Cognitive Psychology - Examine human thought and behavior by how we
interpret, process, and remember events. Why we think the way we do
Hindsight Bias - People feel that they've "known all along" after hearing research
findings that they did not know
Applied Research - research that has a clear, practical application that's used in life
Basic Research - Research that does not intend to impact immediate, real-world
problems
Hypothesis - Expresses the relationship between the independent and dependent
variables - based on theory
Theory - Attempt to explain a phenomena in a way that generates a testable
hypothesis for support
, AP PSYCHOLOGY EXAM REVIEW Rated
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Valid Research - Measures what the researcher intended and is accurate
Reliable Research - Research results can be replicated to find identical results
Sampling - Process of selecting subjects from a totally random cross-section of
society
Stratified Sampling - Sampling of random people but all of whom meet a certain
criteria (age, gender, race, etc)
Case Study - Used to get a full, detailed picture of one or a small group of
participants. Not generalized
Descriptive Statistics - Describe a set of data by using frequency polygons (line
graphs) and histograms (bar graphs)
Central Tendency - Attempt to mark the center of distribution (mean median
mode)
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