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RNC-NIC Review Class Questions and Answers 2024 $13.49   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

RNC-NIC Review Class Questions and Answers 2024

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  • Course
  • RNC-NIC
  • Institution
  • RNC-NIC

RNC-NIC Review Class

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  • September 30, 2024
  • 35
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • RNC-NIC
  • RNC-NIC
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Dreamer252
RNC-NIC Review Class

Adolescent Moms are at higher risk for - answer

Adolescent moms are at higher risk for: - answer- Maternal malnutrition
- Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia
- IUGR

Moms >35yo are at higher risk for: - answer- Pregnancy-induced hypertension
- DM
- Obesity
- Baby with chromosomal abnormalities
- Increased c/s rate
- Placenta previa

Gravida vs Para - answer Gravida: How many pregnancies, including current
Para: How many Full term, preterm, aborted, living

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) - answer- Tests for fetal chromosomal abnormalities as
early as 10-13 weeks
- Transabdominal/cervical
- Results within 24 hrs
- Recommended for advanced maternal age

Amniocentesis - answer- Screens for chromosomal abnormalities, performed between
15-20 weeks or later in pregnancy to assess fetal lung maturity
- Recommended for advanced maternal age

Cordocentesis/Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) - answer- Used to
diagnose inherited blood disorders, anemia, or congenital infections or for fetal blood
transfusions

Ultrasound - answer- Most accurate by ~20wks
- Different densities between stages of pregnancy ... done throughout pregnancy to look
for certain things

Doppler Velocimetry - answer- Assesses placental function
- Measures bloodflow changes in maternal and fetal circulation
- S/D over 3 = decreased placental perfusion

Normally-growing fetus doppler results: - answer- High-velocity diastolic flow through
umbilical artery, increases with gestational age

,Growth-Restricted fetus doppler results: - answer- Diminished, absent or reverse end
diastolic flow

Diminished, absent or reverse end diastolic flow - answerIndicates extreme downstream
resistance, placental dysfunction, and fetal compromise

Biophysical Profile (BPP) - answerEvaluates fetal well-being in antepartum period
based on:
- fetal heart rate,
- breathing movements,
- gross body movements,
- muscle tone,
- and amniotic fluid volume.

Utilizes Non-Stress Test (NST) and Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI)

BPP scores - answer8-10 normal (unless oligo present)
6 Deliver if term; may repeat test in 12-24hrs
4 or less abnormal, delivery recommended

Maternal Anemia effects on fetus: - answer- Decreased fetal growth
- Increased mortality d/t inadequate oxygen and nutrient supplies
- Preterm birth

Chronic vs Gestational HTN - answer- Chronic: hx before pregnancy or <20wks,
persistent HTN >6wks post partum, no protenuria

- Gestational: >20 wks, usually resolves postpartum, no proteinuria

Maternal Thrombocytopenia effects on fetus: - answer- Increased risk for bleeding
- Breakdown of RBC can release more bilirubin + jaundice

Preeclampsia vs Eclampsia - answer- Preeclampsia: Hypertension with proteinuria; or
without proteinuria but with other systemic signs

- Eclampsia: Preeclampsia + seizures

HELLP Syndrome - answerHigh blood pressure and:
- Hemolysis
- Elevated Liver Enzymes
- Low Platelets

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Symptoms/ Treatment - answer- *Most Common Intrauterine Infection*
- Can cause SGA infants

,Asymptomatic at birth, 10-15% can have hearing/vision loss later
- Tx: Ganciclovir or Valganciclovir (prevents/lessens severity of hearing loss and may
improve head/brain growth)

Toxoplasmosis - answer- Parasite from cats, raw/undercooked meat
- Transplacental transmission, increased risk later in gestation
- Symptoms in newborns: none to vision problems, seizures, and brain damage

Syphilis
- Transmission,
- Effects on Newborn,
- Treatment - answerTransmitted via secretions
- Affects fetal liver/growth : w/o for JAUNDICE, hepatomegaly
- Tx: Penicillin-G: length of treatment depends on where it's growing
- F/u studies for 12 months

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Transmission,
- Effects on Newborn,
- Treatment - answerTransmitted via ascending infection / during passage thru infected
canal
- C/S done if vaginal lesions seen
- Symptoms in newborn: skin lesions, chorioretinitis, encephalitis/brain damage
- Can affect liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain
- Tx: Acyclovir

Hepatitis
- Transmission,
- Effects on Newborn,
- Treatment - answerTransmitted via exposure to maternal blood
- Affects newborn liver --> Increased risk for jaundice
- Tx: Hep B Immune Globulin (HBIG)
- Prevention: Hepatitis B vaccine

HIV/AIDS
- Transmission,
- Effects on Newborn,
- Treatment - answerTransmitted via blood/body fluids in utero or during intrapartum
period
- *Can be spread through breastfeeding*
- Marked decrease in newborn infection if mom treated during pregnancy
- Symptoms: Healthy at birth then can appear within 2-3 months --> Poor weight gain,
*REPEATED FUNGAL MOUTH INFECTIONS(THRUSH)*, enlarged lymph
nodes/liver/spleen, neuro problems, multiple bacterial infections like pneumonia

Gonorrhea

, - Transmission,
- Effects on Newborn,
- Treatment - answerMost common in young population
- Transmission during intrapartum period
- Tx: Ophthalmologic prophylaxis with Silver Nitrate or Erythromycin

Chlamydia
- Transmission,
- Effects on Newborn,
- Treatment - answerMost common bacterial STI
- Infant can develop conjunctivitis and *LATE ONSET PNEUMONIA*, and otitis media

Maternal Renal Disease can cause... - answer- Women with CKD and acute onset are
at risk for fetal loss, IUGR, and PTL
- High maternal BUN acts as osmotic diuretic in fetal kidney and can cause PTL and
fetal loss

Functions of amniotic fluid - answer- Fetal lung development
- Symmetrical growth and musculoskeletal development
- Cushions against injury
- Maintains fetal temperature
- Umbilical cord protection
- Antimicrobial properties
- Nutrition
- Prevents adherence of amnion to embryo

Amniotic Bands - answerCan cause decreased perfusion and lymphatic drainage.
- Lymphedema distal to site --> loss of limbs/tissue.
- Can cause death

True or False: Risk of infection is directly proportional to the duration of ROM -
answerTrue.

Chorioamnionitis - answerInflammation of the placental membranes
- S/S in Mom: fever, tachycardia, sweating, uterine tenderness, and foul-smelling
vaginal discharge
- S/S in Newborn: Sepsis, pneumonia, and/or meningitis

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) - answerDone between 15-22 weeks to test
for neural tube defects
- Elevated Levels - indicative of neural tube defects
- Low Levels: Associated with Trisomy 21
If positive ultrasound and amniocentesis ordered

Triple Screen vs Quad Screen - answerTriple: Looks at MSAFP, hCG, and Estriol

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