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INSTRUCTOR MANUAL FOR ADVANCED NUTRITION AND HUMAN METABOLISM 8TH EDITION SAREEN GROPPER, JACK SMITH, TIMOTHY CARR ALL CHAPTERS, 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE$24.04
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INSTRUCTOR MANUAL FOR ADVANCED NUTRITION AND HUMAN METABOLISM 8TH EDITION SAREEN GROPPER, JACK SMITH, TIMOTHY CARR ALL CHAPTERS, 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE
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ADVANCED NUTRITION AND HUMAN METABOLISM
Institution
ADVANCED NUTRITION AND HUMAN METABOLISM
INSTRUCTOR MANUAL FOR ADVANCED NUTRITION AND HUMAN METABOLISM 8TH EDITION SAREEN GROPPER, JACK SMITH, TIMOTHY CARR ALL CHAPTERS, 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE-Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter
This chapter introduces the basic functions of the human cell to serve as background as students proceed to...
INSTRUCTOR MANUAL FOR ADVANCED NUTRITION AND HUMAN
METABOLISM 8TH EDITION
SAREEN GROPPER, JACK SMITH, TIMOTHY CARR
ALL CHAPTERS, 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE
,Instructor Manual
Gropper/Smith/Carr, Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism, c2022, 9780357449813;
Chapter 1: The Cell: A Microcosm of Life
Table of Contents
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter ................................................................................... 2
Chapter Objectives ..................................................................................................................... 2
Chapter Outline .......................................................................................................................... 2
Discussion Questions.................................................................................................................. 9
Activities and Assignments ....................................................................................................... 11
Additional Resources ............................................................................................................... 14
Internet Resources .................................................................................................................................. 14
Appendix ................................................................................................................................... 15
Standard Writing Rubric .......................................................................................................................... 15
Standard Discussion Rubric ...................................................................................................................... 16
,Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter
This chapter introduces the basic functions of the human cell to serve as background as
students proceed to learn about nutrition and metabolism within the human body.
Chapter Objectives
The following objectives are addressed in this chapter:
1.1 Identify cellular components and their functions.
1.2 Describe the roles of cell receptors and enzymes.
1.3 Explain the mechanisms by which enzymatic reactions are regulated.
1.4 Discuss the need for and pathways involved in apoptosis.
1.5 Describe how energy is released and utilized in chemical reactions.
[return to top]
Chapter Outline
I. Introduction
1. This chapter provides a brief review of the basics of a cell, including cellular
components, biological energy, and an overview of a cell’s natural life span.
2. Key Terms
a. Cells—basic living, structural, and functional units of the human body
b. Eukaryotic cells—multicellular organisms
c. Prokaryotic cells—primitive cells
d. Plasma membrane—sheetlike structure that encapsulates and surrounds the
cell, allowing it to exist as a distinct unit
3. Figures and Tables
a. Figure 1.1—three-dimensional depiction of a typical mammalian liver cell
II. Components of Cells
A. Plasma Membrane
1. Sheetlike structure that encapsulates and surrounds the cell. It is asymmetrical
and considered to be a fluid structure
2. Key Terms
a. Hydrophobic—molecule or part of molecule that repels water but has strong
affinity for nonpolar substances
b. Receptors—macromolecules that bind a signal molecule with a high degree
of specificity that triggers intracellular events
, c. Enzymes—protein catalysts that increase the rate of a chemical reaction in
the body
3. Figures and tables
a. Figure 1.2—lipid bilayer structure of biological membranes
b. Figure 1.3—fluid model of cell membrane. Lipids and proteins are mobile
and can move laterally in the membrane
B. Cytosol and Cytoskeleton
1. The cytoplasm includes
a. Cytosol—a gel-like liquid inside the plasma membrane but not in the nucleus
b. Cytoskeleton—made up of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and
microfilaments
2. Organelles Key Terms
a. Microtubules—hollow, cylindrical cytoskeletal structures composed of the
protein tubulin that act to support the cell structure
b. Intermediate filaments—strong, ropelike cytoskeletal fibers that are made of
protein and that function to provide mechanical stability to cells
c. Microfilaments—solid cytoskeletal structures made of a double-helix
polymer of the protein actin that play a role in cell motility
3. Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments—make up the
cytoskeleton
4. Structural arrangement of the cell influences metabolic pathways
a. Hexose monophosphate shunt—pentose phosphate pathway
5. Figures and tables
a. Figure 1.4—the cytoskeleton provides a structure for cell organelles,
microvilli, and large molecules
C. Mitochondrion
1. Cellular organelle that is the site of energy production by oxidative
phosphorylation and the site of tricarboxylic acid cycle
2. Key terms
a. Mitochondria—primary sites of oxygen use and ATP production in cells
b. Oxidative phosphorylation—pathway in the mitochondria that makes ATP
from ADP and Pi
c. Electron transport chain—sequential transfer of electrons from reduced
coenzymes to oxygen that is coupled with ATP formation and occurs within
the mitochondria
3. Mitochondrial membrane—a double membrane that surrounds the
mitochondrial matrix; the inner membrane is less permeable than the porous
outer membrane
4. Mitochondrial matrix—the interior space in which metabolic enzyme systems
catalyze reactions of the tricarboxylic acid and fatty acid oxidation
5. Figures and tables
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