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CCTC Networking actual Exam questions and answers 2025 latest update.
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CCTC Networking actual Exam questions and answers 2025 latest update.
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CCTC Networking actual Examquestions and answers 2025
latest update.
Ethernet header fields - answer - Destination MAC: ether[0:6]
- Source MAC: ether[5:6]
- Ethertype: ether[12:2] (w/o VLAN)
- VLAN tag: ether[12:4]
Common ethertypes - answer - 0x0800: IPv4
- 0x86DD: IPv6
- 0x0806: ARP
IPv4 header - answer - Version: ip[0] & 0xF0
- IHL: ip[0] & 0x0F
- DSCP: ip[1] & 0xFC
- ID: ip[4:2]
- TTL: ip[8]
- Protocol: ip[9]
- Flags: ip[6] & 0xE000
- Source IP: ip[12:4]
- Dest IP: ip[16:4]
IPv6 header - answer - Next header: ip6[6]
TCP header - answer - Source port: tcp[0:2]
- Dest port: tcp[2:2]
,- Flags: tcp[13]; CWR, ECE, URG, ACK, PSH, RST, SYN, FIN
Protocol codes - answer - TCP: 6
- UDP: 17
- ICMP: 1
ICMP type/codes - answer - Echo reply: 0/0
- Echo request: 8/0
- Time Exceeeded: 11
- Destination unreachable: 3
Default TTLs - answer - Linux: 64
- Windows: 128
- Cisco: 255
Scapy - answer - Interactive packet maniputlation tool, packet
sniffer, network scanner, packet generator
Legal TCP flag combinations - answer - Ack
- Syn
- Syn ack
- Fin ack
- Rst ack
Types of social engineering - answer - Pretexting: pretending to be
someone you are not; impersonation
- Reciprocity: provide something for something
- Scarcity: running out of time to get something; limited time offer
- Authority: the right to exercise power
, - Social proof: convince the target to take a certain action
- Sympathy:
Scanning tools - answer - nmap: run with root priv; ARP packets;
open raw sockets; OS best guest
- netcat: nc -vwz <IP> <ports>
- scapy
- ping sweep: icmp; FW and OS can block packet, making scan
unreliable
TCP Connect Scan - answer - 3 way handshake is completed
- Logged scan
TCP SYN (half-open) scan - answer - badguy: sends SYN
- target (if open): SYNACK
- target (if closed): RST
- badguy:sends RST => target port stays open
- if target is filtered: no response
ACK Scan - answer - Solicits stateful firewall
- Open or closed ports return RST flag => unfiltered
- No response => filtered
UDP Scans - answer - Do not create connection
- Can bypass TCP stateful firewalls
Stealth scans - answer - Don't create connection
- NULL, XMAS and FIN scans
- Open: No response, Closed: RST
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