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26 Paulomi - Microbiology CSMLS Prep 500+ Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Latest Updated 2024
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26 Paulomi - Microbiology CSMLS Prep 500+ Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Latest Updated 2024

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  • September 29, 2024
  • 100
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • what is a biotype biovar
  • 26 paulomi microbiology csmls prep 500 question
  • eukaryotic organisms vs prokaryotic organisms
  • list from largest to smallest of organisms
  • atrichous monotrichous lophotrichous

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  • CSMLS
  • CSMLS

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26 Paulomi - Microbiology CSMLS Prep
500+ Questions And Answers With
Verified Solutions Latest Updated 2024
eukaryotic organisms vs prokaryotic organisms - ANSWER✔✔ eukaryotic = have
a nucleus and nuclear membrane


prokaryotic = lack organized nucleus and nuclear membrane


list from largest to smallest of organisms - ANSWER✔✔ - protozoa
- fungi
- bacteria
- viruses


what is a biotype (biovar)? - ANSWER✔✔ a type of subspecies that differs
biochemically from the type strain


what is a serotype (serovar)? - ANSWER✔✔ a type of subspecies that differs by
distinctive antigenic or serological properties from the type strain


bacteria are measured in - ANSWER✔✔ micrometers (um= 10^-6)


three basic shapes of bacteria - ANSWER✔✔ - cocci
- rods
- spirilla

,different cocci arrangements - ANSWER✔✔ - clusters (staph)
- chains (strep)
- pairs or diplococci
- tetrads (groups of four)
- sarcinae (cubes of eight)


different rod arrangements - ANSWER✔✔ - palisades (lying in sheets on top of
each other)
- acute angles (snap at point of division)
- chains


macroscopic appearance of bacteria is known as:


microscopic appearance of bacteria is known as: - ANSWER✔✔ - macroscopic =
colonial morph
- microscopic = cellular morph


atrichous
monotrichous
lophotrichous
amphitrichous
peritrichous - ANSWER✔✔ - no flagella
- one flagella
- tuft up to 6 flagella on one side
- flagella on both sides
- flagella all around the bacterium

,bacterial capsules
- composed of
- function
- detection - ANSWER✔✔ - composed of glycocalyx (polysaccharide or
polypeptides)
- function is to interfere with phagocytosis - covers antigens on bacterium from
being sensitized by self
- india ink (nigrosin) - clear halo for capsule and everything else is gray to black


differences between the gram pos and neg bacterial cell walls - ANSWER✔✔ -
gram positive have thicker layer of peptidoglycan and presence of teichoic acids.


- gram negative have thin layer of peptidoglycan and no teichoic acids. Has a lot of
lipids


what is more susceptible, gram pos or gram neg? - ANSWER✔✔ gram pos
because the peptidoglycan is exposed, making it easier site to attack


hypotonic solution vs hypertonic solution vs isotonic solution - ANSWER✔✔ -
hypo = water moves into the cell causing lysis or rupture (ghost cells)


- hyper = water leaves cell (crenate)


- isotonic = 0.85% saline = no water movement, same conc inside and out


fixation of slide allows - ANSWER✔✔ - fixes bacteria to the slide

, - kills most bacteria but NOT spores
- makes cell more permeable to stain
- prevents autolysis or changes in cell


what happens if slides are stained before fixation? - ANSWER✔✔ everything will
wash off.
If cells are left, they will be floating


what happens if slides are over fixed or fried? - ANSWER✔✔ - poorly stained
cells
- shapes are altered


gram stain procedure - ANSWER✔✔ - crystal violet for 1 min
- iodine for 1 min
- decolorize with acetone-alcohol
- safranin for 1 min


results from over decolourization - ANSWER✔✔ - gram positive cells become
pink and look like gram negative


results from under decolonization - ANSWER✔✔ gram negative cells are not
decolorized enough, so they still remain purple and look like gram positive


alternative counterstains for gram stain are - ANSWER✔✔ - carbol fuchsin
- basic fuchsin

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