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BIOD 171 FINAL EXAM STUDY Questions With 100% Verified Answers

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BIOD 171 FINAL EXAM STUDY Questions With 100% Verified Answers Microbiology is the study of what? - answerMicrobiology is the study of microbes (microorganisms and viruses) and their biological processes. What is the smallest biological unit of life - answercell What is a macromolecule? - answ...

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  • September 29, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • BIOD 171
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BIOD 171 FINAL EXAM STUDY Questions
With 100% Verified Answers


Microbiology is the study of what? - answer✔Microbiology is the study of microbes

(microorganisms and viruses) and their biological processes.


What is the smallest biological unit of life - answer✔cell


What is a macromolecule? - answer✔A macromolecule is classified as a complex molecule that

is composed from smaller subunits.


What are the four main types of macromolecules? - answer✔Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and

carbohydrates


What various functions do proteins have in a cell - answer✔Proteins may facilitate the

movement of materials in or out of a cell. Some can act as enzymes that catalyze, or speed up,

biochemical processes. Others play a structural role while other proteins, such as filaments,

enable movement.


What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles? - answer✔There are two major

types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids

are chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell. DNA contains a vast

amount of hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living

, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025


organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to

synthesize proteins.


What is the plasma membrane, and what is it made up of? - answer✔The plasma membrane

serves the cell as a surrounding barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside

surrounding environment. The plasma membrane also restricts the movement of materials

(water, nutrients, etc) either in or out of the cell, thus allowing a cells to absorb and keep what is

needed (influx) while also preventing the escape (out flux) of essential nutrients. The plasma

membrane is composed of lipids (hydrophobic hydrocarbons).


What are the three main components of carbohydrates? - answer✔Carbohydrates are composed

of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Examples would include, C6H12O6 (glucose)

C12H22O11 (sucrose) and C6H10O5 (cellulose).


What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - answer✔Eukaryotic

cells contain a nucleus, a membrane enclosed region within the cell that contains the genetic

material. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and can be further classified as either Bacteria

or Archaea.


What are the main morphologies of bacteria? - answer✔Bacteria can be described as coccus

(round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) or spirillum (spiral/corkscrew).

Which group (classification) of microbes is noted for its ability to survive under harsh

conditions? - answer✔Archaea. They are able to survive in extremely harsh environmental

, ©BRAINBARTER 2024/2025


conditions such as high salt levels, acid conditions, high temperatures and oxygen-poor

conditions.


What are the four main classifications of Eukarya? - answer✔Eukaryotic microorganisms are

classified as either belonging to Animalia, Plantae, Fungi or Protista.


Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic? - answer✔No. Viruses are

considered neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic. Viruses are not considered living and do not

replicate on their own, meaning they must replicate within a host.


The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is composed of what? - answer✔The cell membrane is

a bilayer composed primarily of amphipathic phospholipids, meaning they contain a polar

hydrophilic (water loving) head group and a non-polar hydrophobic (water fearing) tail region.

The lipid bilayer is situated in such a way where the non-polar tail groups face inward thus

orienting the polar head groups to interact with water both outside and inside of the cell.

What are the primary cellular organelles described in this module? Be sure to know the roles of

each. - answer✔Ribosomes (protein synthesis), ER (site of protein synthesis), Golgi (protein

modification and distribution), lysosomes (waste disposal), mitochondria (ATP generation) and

chloroplasts (plants only; site of photosynthesis).


What is cellular metabolism? - answer✔Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions

that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life.


What is the primary function of enzymes, and how are they regulated? - answer✔Enzymes speed

up chemical reactions. Most notably, the enzyme is not consumed during the reaction and can be

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