NR 601/NR 601 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS LATEST 2024-
2025(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
What is the method of action of anticholinergics - ANSWER-Block the effect of
acetylcholine on muscarinic type 3 receptors resulting in bronchodilation
What is the method of action of beta agonists - ANSWER-Stimulates beta-2
adrenergic receptors, increasing cyclic AMP, resulting in relaxing airways
What is tuberculosis - ANSWER-Chronic, necrotizing infection caused by slow-
growing acid fast bacillus (mycobacterium tuberculosis). Most common cause of
death related to infectious disease worldwise
What is aortic regurgitation? - ANSWER-Retrograde blood flow through an
incompetent aortic valve into left ventricle during ventricular diastole
What is aortic stenosis - ANSWER-abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve
What is mitral stenosis - ANSWER-Abnormal narrowing of the mitral valve orifice
What is mitral regurgitation - ANSWER-Retrograde blood flow during systole from
the left ventricle into the left atrium through incompetent mitral valve
,What is mitral valve prolapse? - ANSWER-Mitral regurgitation associated with
bulging of one or both mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during ventricular
systole
What happens in valvular regurgitation - ANSWER-Portion of the ejected blood
leaks back into the upstream cardiac chamber
What happens in valvular stenosis - ANSWER-Usually results in elevated pressures
in the chamber upstream from the stenosis
The percentage of the FVC expired in one second is - ANSWER-FEV1/FVC ratio
The aging process causes what normal physiological changes in the heart -
ANSWER-The heart valve thickens and becomes rigid, secondary to fibrosis and
sclerosis
A 55 yo Caucasian male follows up after referral to cardiologist. He thinks his med
is causing a cough and sometimes he has difficulty breathing. Which med was
most likely prescribed? - ANSWER-Lisinopril
MJ presents with h/o structural damage with current s/s of HF. Treatment will be
based on his stage of HF which is - ANSWER-Stage C
65 yo Caucasian presents with mitral valve stenosis, physical exam is
unremarkable. you know her stage of HF is - ANSWER-Stage B
The best way to diagnose structural heart disease/dysfunction noninvasively is -
ANSWER-Echocardiogram
, Chronic pain can have major impact on patients ability to function and have
profound impact on overall QOL. Ongoing pain may be linked to - ANSWER-
Depression, sleep disturbance, decreased socialization
The Beers criteria are appropriate for use in evaluating use of certain meds in
patients - ANSWER->65 y/o
All of the following statements are true about lab values in older adults except -
ANSWER-Abnormal findings are often due to physiological aging
According to the 2017 ACC HTN guidelines, the recommended BP goal for a 65y/o
African American woman with a h/o HTN and DM and no h/o CKD is - ANSWER-
<140/80
THe pathophysiology of HF is due to - ANSWER-Inadequate cardiac output to meet
the metabolic and O2 demands of the body
The volume of air a patient to exhale for total duration of the test during maximal
effort is - ANSWER-FVC
According it the 2017 ACC HTN guidelines, normal BP is - ANSWER-<120/80
Functional abilities are best assessed by - ANSWER-Observed assessment of
function
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