Human capital correct answers is defined as human capacities that raise productivity
Greater health capital may improve correct answers returns to investments in education
*Health is a factor in school attendance
*Healthier students learn more effectively
*A longer life raises the rate of ret...
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Human capital correct answers is defined as human capacities that raise productivity
Greater health capital may improve correct answers returns to investments in education
*Health is a factor in school attendance
*Healthier students learn more effectively
*A longer life raises the rate of return to education
*Healthier people have lower depreciation of education capital
Greater education capital may improve correct answers returns to investments in health
*Public health programs need knowledge learned in school
*Basic hygiene and sanitation may be taught in school
*Education needed in training of health personnel
Approaches to child labor policy correct answers Ban child labor; or ban child labor in its most
abusive forms, Get more children into school, emphasize ending poverty generally, regulate it to
prevent abuse and provide support services for working
children, Activist approach: trade sanctions.
The Gender Gap correct answers Closing the educational gender gap is important because:
*social rate of return on women's education is higher than that
of men in developing countries.
*Education for women increases productivity, lowers fertility
*Educated mothers have a multiplier impact on future generations
*Education can break the vicious cycle of poverty
Poverty and the Environment correct answers The poor are both victims and agents
Victims: *The poor live in environmentally degraded lands
*have less political power to reduce pollution where they live
*the poor have less opportunity to work their way out of poverty
Agent: *high fertility rate of people living in poverty.
*Short time preference
*Land tenure insecurity
*Incentives for rainforest resettlement
Environmental Policy Options in Developing Countries correct answers What Developing
Countries can do: *Proper resource pricing
*Community involvement
*Clearer property rights and resource ownership
*Improved economic alternatives for the poor
*Improved economic status of women
*Investments that yield returns regardless of the shape of climate
change, such as a better road network
*Industrial emissions abatement policies
*Proactive stance toward adapting to climate change
, How developed countries can help developing countries correct answers *Lower developing
country costs for environmental preservation
*Trade policies: reduce barriers, subsidies
*Debt relief and debt-for-nature swaps
*Development assistance
What developed countries can do for the global environment correct answers *Emissions
controls, including greenhouse gases
*Research and Development on green technology and pollution control
*Transfer of technology to developing countries
*Restrictions on unsustainable imports
Strategies for mitigation of environmental damage correct answers *Taxes on emissions
*Caps on greenhouse gases (with "carbon markets")
*Subsidies to encourage technological progress
Economic Planning: correct answers deliberate attempt by the state to
coordinate economic decisions to achieve development goals
Why was development planning so disappointing? correct answers *Government failure (price
distortions, corruption)
*Deficiencies in the plans and their implementation (too
ambitious, foreign firms not constrained)
*Insufficient and or unreliable data
*Institutional weaknesses (bureaucracy)
*Lack of political will
*Conflict, post-conflict, and fragile states
Well functioning market economy requires correct answers *Clear property rights
*Laws and courts
*Freedom to establish business
*Stable currency and banking
*Public supervision of natural monopolies
*Provision of adequate information about g&s
*Public management of externalities
*Stable monetary and fiscal policy instruments
*Safety nets
*Encouragement of innovation (copyrights)
*Security from violence
The Washington Consensus correct answers A set of 10 economic
policy prescriptions on
the Role of the State in
Development and its
Limitation:
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