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NURA-221 EXAM I Questions And Answers
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NURA-221 EXAM I Questions And Answers...
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NURA-221 EXAM I Questions And AnswersBiotechnology:
process that may involve manipulating deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic
acid (RNA) and recombining genes into hybrid molecules that can be inserted into living
organisms (often Escherichia coli bacteria) and repeatedly reproduced
Brand Name:
aka Trade Name, manufacturer's chosen name for a drug, which is protected by a
patent
Controlled substances:
drugs identified by federal law based on their medical value and abuse potential; also
known as scheduled drugs
Drug classifications:
groups of medications, organized according to their actions in the body, their
therapeutic uses, and their chemical makeup
Generic name:
chemical or official name of a drug, independent of the company manufacturing it and
sometimes referring to the class of drug
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs:
medications available without a physician's prescription
Pharmacoeconomics:
costs of drug therapy, including costs of purchasing, dispensing, storage,
administration, and laboratory and other tests used to monitor patient responses; also
considers losses due to expiration
Pharmacogenomics (also known as pharmacogenetics):
study of how a person's genetic heritage leads to variable responses to drugs; more
generally refers to genetic polymorphisms that occur in a patient population, such as an
ethnic group, as opposed to an individual person
Pharmacotherapy:
use of medications to prevent, diagnose, and treat signs, symptoms, and disease
, processes Placebo: inactive substance with no medication and given to enhance a
person's expectation to get better Prescription drugs: medications ordered in writing by
a licensed healthcare provider Prototype: often the first medication within a class of
medications; usually the standard by which newer, similar medications are measured
Schedule I Controlled Substance
Drugs that have no accepted medical use, have lack of accepted safety, and have high
abuse potentials include heroin, LSD, MDMA or ecstasy, mescaline, and peyote.
Schedule III Controlled Substance
Drugs with less potential for abuse than those in Schedules I and II, but abuse of which
may lead to psychological or physical dependence: androgens and anabolic steroids,
some depressants, some CNS stimulants, and mixtures containing small amounts of
controlled substances. These drugs and substances have an accepted medical use in
the United States.
Schedule II Controlled Substance
Drugs that are used medically and have high abuse potentials: opioid analgesics, e.g.,
codeine, hydromorphone, methadone, meperidine, morphine, oxycodone; central
nervous system, CNS, stimulants, e.g., cocaine, methamphetamine; barbiturate
sedative-hypnotics, e.g., pentobarbital.
Schedule IV Controlled Substance
Drugs with an accepted medical use in the United States but with some potential for
abuse: benzodiazepines [eg, diazepam, lorazepam], other sedative-hypnotics [eg,
phenobarbital, chloral hydrate], and some prescription appetite suppressants [eg,
phentermine].
Schedule V Controlled Substance
Products containing moderate amounts of controlled substances. They may be
dispensed by the pharmacist without a physician's prescription but with some
restrictions regarding amount, record keeping, and other safeguards.
Examples include antidiarrheal drugs containing small amounts of codeine and cough
suppressants, such as diphenoxylate and atropine (Lomotil).
Absorption:
process that occurs from the time a drug enters the body to the time it enters the
bloodstream to be circulated
Agonist:
drug that produces effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring hormones,
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