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Pharmacology 4 - Sherpath Questions And Correct Answers Latest Version
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Pharmacology 4 - Sherpath Questions AndCorrect Answers Latest Version
A nurse is discussing the difference between stable and variant angina with a
group of nursing students. Which statement by a student indicates the need
for further teaching? ANS✔✔ "Variant angina is the result of increased
oxygen demand by the heart."
*Variant angina is caused by coronary artery spasm, which reduces the
oxygen supply to the heart. Beta blockers are not effective in variant angina
but are useful with stable angina. Medications may be given to prevent
anginal attacks in both types of angina. Vasodilators are used in variant
angina to relieve coronary artery spasm and increase the oxygen supply to
the heart.
A patient with stable COPD is prescribed a bronchodilator medication. which
type of bronchodilator is preferred for this patient? ANS✔✔ A long-acting
inhaled beta2 agonist
*LABAs are preferred over SABAs for COPD. Oral beta?
A patient has had blood pressures of 150/95 mmHg and 148/90 mmHg on
two separate office visits. The patient reports a blood pressure of 145/92
mmHg taken in an ambulatory setting. The patient's diagnostic tests are all
normal. The nurse will expect this patient's provider to order: ANS✔✔ a
thiazide diuretic.
*This patient has primary, or essential, hypertension as evidenced by systolic
pressure greater than 140 and diastolic pressure greater than 90, along with
normal tests ruling out another primary cause. Thiazide diuretics are first-line
drugs for hypertension. Beta blockers are effective but are most often used
,to counter reflex tachycardia associated with reduced blood pressure caused
by therapeutic agents. Loop diuretics cause greater diuresis than is usually
needed and so are not first-line drugs. This patient should be counseled on
lifestyle changes as an adjunct to drug therapy but should also begin drug
therapy because hypertension already exists.
Which drugs are used to treat COPD? ANS✔✔ Anticholinergic medications
Glucocorticoids
Long-acting beta2 agonists
*Anticholingergic drugs, glucocorticoids, and LABAs are used to treat COPD.
Leukotriene modifiers and monoclonal antibodies are used only to treat
asthma.
A patient with COPD is prescribed tiotropium (Spiriva). After the initial dose,
the patient reports only mild relief within 30 minutes. What will the nurse tell
the patient? ANS✔✔ "You should see improved effects within the next week."
*Tiotopium shows therapeutic effects in about 30 minutes, with improved
bronchodilation occurring with subsequent doses, up to 8 days. The
medication is given once daily, with inhalation of one capsule. Peak effects
occur in 3 hours.
A postoperative patient reports pain in the left lower extremity. The nurse
notes swelling in the lower leg, which feels warm to the touch. The nurse will
anticipate giving which medication? ANS✔✔ Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
*Enoxaparin is a low-molecular-weight heparin and is used in situations
requiring rapid onset of anticoagulant effects, such as massive DVT. Aspirin,
clopidogrel, and warfarin are useful for primary prevention but are not used
when rapid anticoagulation is required.
, Which two-drug regiment would be appropriate for a patient with
hypertension who does not have other compelling conditions? ANS✔✔
Hydrochlorothiazide and nadolol
*When two or more drugs are used to treat hypertension, each drug should
come from a different class. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic and nadolol is a
beta blocker, so this choice is appropriate. Hydralazine and minoxidil are
vasodilators. Spironolactone and amiloride are potassium-sparing diuretics.
Trichlormethiazide and hydrochlorothiazide are both thiazide diuretics.
A nurse preparing to administer morning medications notes that a patient
with a history of hypertension has been prescribed spironolactone
(Aldactone). The nurse assess the patient and notes dyspnea, bilateral
crackles, and pitting edema in both feet. Which intervention is appropriate?
ANS✔✔ Request an order for furosemide (Lasix)
*Spironolactone takes up to 48 hours for its effects to develop, so it should
not be used when the patient needs immediate diuresis. This patient has
shortness of breath, crackles, and edema and needs a short-acting diuretic,
such as furosemide. Asking the patient about the use of salt substitutes is
not indicated. The patient does not need assessment of serum electrolytes.
What is ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)? ANS✔✔ An anticholinergic used for
allergic rhinitis and colds
*Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic that is indicated for allergic
rhinitis, asthma, and the common cold. The drug reduces rhinorrhea.
Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic. In addition to asthma, ipratropium
bromide can be used for allergic rhinitis and the common cold. Ipratropium
bromide can be used for allergic rhinitis.
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