NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
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What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>Cellular injury causing cellular self-digestion
What is the location and function of the nucleus? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>the
largest membrane-bound organelle and is found usually in the cell's center. The
chief functions of the nucleus are cell division and control of genetic information.
What is Cytoplasm? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>an aqueous solution (cytosol)
that fills the space between the nucleus and the plasma membrane.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum and what does it specialize in? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>a network of tubular channels (cisternae) that extend
throughout the outer nuclear membrane. It specializes in the synthesis and
transport of protein and lipid components of most of the organelles
,What is the Golgi complex and what does it do? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>a
network of smooth membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus. The Golgi
complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins into secretory
vesicles
What are lysosomes and what do they do? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>saclike
structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes.
These enzymes are responsible for digesting most cellular substances to their
basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
What are peroxisomes? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>involved in the production
and breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
Importance of proteins in disease - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>The major
workhorses of the cell, if misfolded they can cause diseases
How are cells specialized? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>through the process of
differentiation or maturation
What are the eight specialized cellular functions? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>movement, conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion,
respiration, reproduction, and communication
What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
, What are mitochondria responsible for? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>.
Mitochondria contain the metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy
metabolism (Makes ATP).
What is the cytoskeleton? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>the "bone and muscle" of
the cell. The internal skeleton is composed of a network of protein filaments,
including microtubules and actin filaments (microfilaments).
What is the plasma membrane? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>encloses the cell
and, by controlling the movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful
influence on metabolic pathways
What is signal transduction? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>The transfer of
molecular signals from the exterior to the interior of a cell. If not done apoptosis
occurs
What is protein regulation and what is it composed of? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>protein homeostasis and is defined by the proteostasis network. This
network is composed of ribosomes (makers), chaperones (helpers), and protein
breakdown or proteolytic systems. Malfunction of these systems is associated
with disease.
What do protein receptors do? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>on the plasma
membrane, enable the cell to interact with other cells and with extracellular
substances
What means accomplish cell-to-cell adhesions? - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>(1)
the extracellular membrane, (2) cell adhesion molecules in the cell's plasma
membrane, and (3) specialized cell junctions.
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