NR 507 WEEK 1 TEST with 143 verified & approved Answers.
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Course
NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Institution
NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
NR 507 WEEK 1 TEST with 143 verified & approved Answers.
NR 507 WEEK 1 TEST with 143 verified & approved Answers.
NR 507 WEEK 1 TEST with 143 verified & approved Answers.
NR 507 WEEK 1 TEST with 143 verified & approved Answers.
NR 507 WEEK 1 TEST with 143 verified & approved Answers.
NR 507 WE...
NR 507 WEEK 1 TEST with 143 verified &
approved Answers.
NR 507 WEEK 1 TEST with 143 verified &
approved Answers.
Neutrophils - ANSWER- first responders
Type 1 hypersensitivity REACTION - ANSWER- -IgE mediated
Type 2 (Cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by - ANSWER- IgG or IgM.
Sensitization - ANSWER- Developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no
allergic reaction.
After the allergen is cleared, the remaining IgE molecules will be bound by mast cells,
basophils, and eosinophils that contain receptors for the IgE molecules.
Immediate degranulation - ANSWER- causes the release of inflammatory mediators
such as histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins that results in vasodilation,
bronchial smooth muscle contraction, and mucus production
Systemic reactions - ANSWER- involve basophil degranulation; they occur throughout
the body, can lead to anaphylactic shock, and can be life-threatening EX. ALLERGIC
ASTHMA
Type II hypersensitivity reaction - ANSWER- -Cytotoxic
-Antibody attacks the antigen leading to lysis (complement mediated)
-IgG & IgM are the principal antibodies involved
-Examples: hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia
Hapten - ANSWER- small molecule that has to bind to a larger molecule to form an
antigen
CAN CAUSE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE WHEN IT ATTACHES TO A PROTEIN.
MACROPHAGES ROLE IN TYPE 11 HYPERSENSITIVITY - ANSWER- primary
effector cells of Type II responses
Examples of Type II reactions - ANSWER- drug allergies, hemolytic anemia, blood
transfusion mismatch with resulting transfusion reaction and Rh hemolytic disease.
, NR 507 WEEK 1 TEST with 143 verified &
approved Answers.
Type II responses (antibody binds to antigen where? What happens?) - ANSWER- The
cell surface and cause:
The cell to be destroyed by the antibody
Cell destruction through phagocytosis by macrophages
Damage to the cell by neutrophils triggering phagocytosis
Natural killer cells to release toxic substances that destroy the target cell
Malfunction of the cell without destruction
Type III hypersensitivity reaction binds where? - ANSWER- antibody binds to the
antigen in the blood or body fluids and then circulates to the tissue.
WHAT Reactions are not organ specific and use neutrophils as the primary effector cell
- ANSWER- Type III
What is a complication of type III hypersensitivity? - ANSWER- increase accumulation
of immune-complex deposition (ICD) causes autoimmune diseases, the mononuclear
phagocytes, erythrocytes, and complement system fail to remove immune complexes
from the blood....inflammation occurs. ex. serum sickness
serum sickness - ANSWER- fever, joint pain, non-blanchable rash, swelling to fingers,
knees and feet
type IV hypersensitivity reactions - ANSWER- cell-mediated responses
lymphocytes and macrophages are primary mediators
mediated by T-lymphocytes & MACROPHAGES, DONT use antibodies
EX. contact dermatitis
epidermal reactions characterized by erythema, cellular infiltration and vesicles
humoral immunity - ANSWER- a type of immune response that depends on antibodies
(TYPE 1-3 HYPERSENSITIVITY RX)
Type 1 pathophysiology - ANSWER- Mast cell degranulation results in an inflammatory
response
Type II pathophysiology - ANSWER- 1-Complement damages RBC membrane and
cells lyse
5-Autoantibodies specific for thyroid tissue impair receptor for TSH
Type III - Pathophysiology - ANSWER- Complex deposited in small peripheral vessels
in cool temperatures leading to vasoconstriction and blocked circulation
TYPE IV PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - ANSWER- T cells attack tissue directly (no antibody)
TYPE II EXAMPLES - ANSWER- 1-ABO incompatibility
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