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Relias - Fetal Heart Monitoring Questions and Answers | Latest Update | Passed

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uterine blood supply - uterine arteries deliver oxygenated blood to spiral arteries which bring oxygen rich blood to intervillous space of placenta that has fetal capillaries - fetal capillaries carry the O2 rich blood to umbilical VEIN that goes to fetus -in contrast, the umbilical ART...

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  • September 27, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Fetal Heart Monitoring
  • Fetal Heart Monitoring
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2024/ 2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!


Relias - Fetal Heart Monitoring
Questions and Answers | Latest
Update | Passed
uterine blood supply

✓ - uterine arteries deliver oxygenated blood to spiral arteries which bring oxygen
rich blood to intervillous space of placenta that has fetal capillaries

✓ - fetal capillaries carry the O2 rich blood to umbilical VEIN that goes to fetus

✓ -in contrast, the umbilical ARTERIES return waste products to that intervillous space
that go into mother's venous system


Potential issues that negatively affect fetal oxygenation

✓ *Maternal Oxygenation:* asthma, hyper- or hypo- ventilation


*Maternal Circulation:* decreased maternal cardiac output, hypotension, decreased Hgb



*Placental O2 and CO2 Exchange:* postterm, abruption, HTN, hypotension, uterine

tachysystole



*Fetal circulation:* cord compression or occlusion



Fetal hypoxemia

✓ - can occur d/t reduced fetal O2 reserves, excessive uterine activity, or reduced
uteroplacental blood flow


- worsening fetal hypoxemia can lead to abnormal FHR patterns, mostly minimal or absent

variability from acidemia


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,2024/ 2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!


(1) hypoxemia vs. (2) hypoxia

✓ 1 - reduce O2 in blood


2 - reduced O2 delivery at tissue level



Fetal anaerobic metabolism

✓ - occurs when long term O2 delivery is insufficient to meet cellular needs of tissues


- results in production of lactic acid and other noncarbonic acids



- ACIDOSIS is the presence of excessive acids in tissues



acidosis

✓ pH below 7.35


pH is low



(acidosis is the process that leads to low blood pH, or acidemia)



alkalosis

✓ pH above 7.45


pH is high



buffers



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, 2024/ 2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
✓ - help maintain acid base homeostasis


- 2 major fetal buffers are plasma bicarbonate and hgb



base excess and base deficit

✓ - base deficit is expressed as a positive number


- base excess is expressed as a negative number



~ they are equivalent and terms are used interchangeably ~



fetal acidosis

✓ - when O2 is decreased to fetus, tissue hypoxia results in acidosis, which then
shows a drop in pH, a loss of bicarb, and increase in base deficit


acidemia

✓ assoc w/ widespread, deleterious effects on vital organ and body function


fetal hypoxia during birth

✓ assoc w/ neonatal depression, low apgars, neonatal encephalopathy, and cerebral
palsy


respiratory acidosis

✓ *low pH (< 7.10), high pCO2 (> 60), normal base deficit ( < 12)*


- increase of pCO2 for fetus that lowers pH but doesn't affect base deficit



factors that contribute to resp acidosis


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