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Literature summary exam 2- Intro to Sport & Performance Psych
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In depth summary notes of literature for exam 2 in the format of learning goals/questions and answers
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CT: Introduction to Sport and Performance Psychology P2 –San.K
Learning objectives:
After this course, students will be able to
(a) describe theories relating to motivation, self-confidence, group dynamics,
attention, anxiety, talent and expertise, coping, exercise, recovery, goal
setting, imagery, self-talk, relaxation, psychological skills training,
leadership, personality, performance, and injuries, applied to sport and other
performance domains (paraphrasing),
(b) broadly describe how these theories are supported by empirical research
(paraphrasing),
(c) critically reflect on theoretical and empirical work pertaining to mental
factors in performance (evaluating)
(d) predict and argue when interventions to improve performance will be
effective or not (scientific thinking)
(e) integrate knowledge on performance topics from different theoretical
viewpoints and psychological domains (scientific thinking).
Lecture 7: Leadership-
Lecture 7 Literature/LO’s -
• Conte & Landy (2019). Traditional theories of leadership & new
approaches to leadershipDownload Conte & Landy (2019).
Traditional theories of leadership & new approaches to leadership
• Cotterill & Fransen (2016). Athlete leadership in sport teams:
Current understanding and future directions.
• Tskhay et al. (2014). Perceptions of leadership success from
nonverbal cues communicated by orchestra conductors.
, LO’s: Some on https://quizlet.com/nl/738153421/sports-and-
performance-pscychology-endterm-jve-flash-cards/
• Explain the differences between informal and formal leadership and
give examples for both.
Ans:
• Formal: Prescribed or awarded
• Informal: Emerge as a results of interpersonal interactions
• Can be shared!
• Describe the role of task, motivational, social and external athlete
leaders and explain what they do.
Ans: • task leader (provides tactical instructions to his/her teammates)
• motivational leader (the greatest motivator on the field)
• social leader (cares for a good team atmosphere outside the field)
• external leader (handles communication with club management, media,
and sponsors)
• Describe the trait theory (also known as ‘great man theory’) of
leadership and describe how it explains successful leadership.
Ans: The great man theory of leadership states that some people are born
(innate traits) with the necessary attributes that set them apart from others
and that these traits are responsible for their assuming positions of power
and authority. These types were labeled “Hero Classes” and
included: Divine, Prophet, Poet, Priest, King, or Man of Letters. Examples
of traits: intelligent, sociable, confident & charismatic.
• Describe the common denominator in ‘behavior theories‘ of leadership
and which behaviors are typical for successful leaders.
Ans: Behavioral theories of leadership focus heavily on the actions of a
leader—this theory suggests that the best predictor of leadership success is
viewing how a leader acts. Action rather than qualities are the focal points
of behavioral learning theory. Patterns of behavior are observed and
categorized as “styles of leadership”. At the end of the day, the actions and
actual behaviors of a leader are what defines success in these theories.
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, These theories allows leaders to be flexible and adapt based on their
circumstances. Another great benefit of this theory is that it suggests
anyone is capable of becoming a leader. Some disadvantages of the
behavioral theory are that while it allows flexibility, it doesn’t directly
suggest how to behave in certain circumstances
Behaviors that are typical for successful leaders are initiating structure and
consideration.
• Describe what is meant by consideration and initiating structure.
Ans: -these are two dimensions in the Leader Behavior Description
Questionnaire (LBDQ).
-Consideration is the extent to which a leader exhibits concern for the
welfare of the members of the group. This factor is oriented towards
interpersonal relationships, mutual trust and friendship. This leadership
style is people-oriented.
Some of the statements used to measure this factor in the LBDQ are:
Being friendly; Treating all group members as his/her equal; Looking out
for the personal welfare of group members; Making him/herself accessible
to group members
-Initiating structure is the extent to which a leader defines leader and
group member roles, initiates actions, organizes group activities and
defines how tasks are to be accomplished by the group.
This leadership style is task-oriented.
Some of the statements used to measure this factor in the LBDQ are:
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, Letting group members know what is expected of them (directive
leadership); Maintaining definite standards of performance; Scheduling
the work to be done; Checking that group members follow
standard rules and regulations
-
• Describe what is meant by transformational leadership and what are the
typical behaviors of transformational leaders.
Ans: -A transformational leadership style inspires employees to strive
beyond required expectations to work toward a shared vision.
-4 I’s:
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