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NU 545 Advance Pathophysiology Unit 2 Exam- University of South Alabama Questions and Answers | Latest UpdateNU 545 Advance Pathophysiology Unit 2 Exam- University of South Alabama Questions and Answers | Latest Update $12.49   Add to cart
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NU 545 Advance Pathophysiology Unit 2 Exam- University of South Alabama Questions and Answers | Latest UpdateNU 545 Advance Pathophysiology Unit 2 Exam- University of South Alabama Questions and Answers | Latest Update
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Afferent Towards (towards the spinal cord) Efferent Away From (away from the spinal cord) Which nerves are incapable of regeneration? Neurons in the Central Nervous System (CNS) do not divide and injury causes permanent loss. Which injury to nerves has better outcomes? Crushed or Severed...

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  • September 27, 2024
  • 39
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • nu 545 advance pathophysiology unit 2 exam unive
  • afferent towards towards the spinal cord effer

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2024/ 2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!

NU 545 Advance Pathophysiology Unit 2
Exam- University of South Alabama
Questions and Answers | Latest Update
Afferent


✓ Towards (towards the spinal cord)




Efferent


✓ Away From (away from the spinal cord)




Which nerves are incapable of regeneration?


✓ Neurons in the Central Nervous System (CNS) do not divide and injury

causes permanent loss.




Which injury to nerves has better outcomes? Crushed or Severed/Cut


✓ Crushed nerves recover better




How do peripheral nerves repair themselves?


✓ Axonal Reaction




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,2024/ 2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
Name 8 local changes that occur when an axon is severed


✓ 1. Cut end retracts and the axolemma covers the cut end, reducing

escape of axoplasm

2. macrophages and Schwann cells begin to phagocytize damaged tissue


3. Cell body undergoes chromotolysis, loss of Nissl bodies, and lateral migration of nucleus


4. Antegrade (wallerian) degeneration occurs in the distal axon


5. Swelling in axon terminal, it degenerates and loses contact with post synaptic membrane

within 7 days


6. Macrophages and Schwann cells phagocytize remnants of axon terminal


7. Schwann cells proliferate, forming a column or tube of schwann cells enclosed by the

original basal lamina of the endoneurium


8. Retrograde changes occur at the promixal end of the injured axon and are similar to

antegrade changes but only back to the next node of Ranvier




Retrograde changes to the Proximal end of an injured axon only go back to what?


✓ The next node of Ranvier




In what time span do new terminal sprouts project from the proximal segment of an injured

axon?


✓ 7-14 days

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,2024/ 2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!


What is the length of growth per day of an injured axon? And what is regrowth limited to?


✓ 1mm/day. Limited to myelinated fibers in the Peripheral Nervous System

(PNS)




The closer the injury is to the cell body of a nerve...


✓ The greater the chances that the cell will die and not regenerate




How does the location of an injury among Peripheral Nerves play a factor?


✓ Injured nerves closer to the spinal cord recover slower and poorly

because of the long distance between the cell body and the periphera l

termination of the axon.




Regeneration of axonal constituents in the CNS is limited by what


✓ glial scar formation (gliosis) and the different nature of myelin formed by

the oligodendrocyte




What 4 factors do nerve regeneration depend on


✓ 1. Location of injury

2. Type of injury (crushing vs cut)
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, 2024/ 2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
3. Presence of inflammatory responses


4. Process of scarring




Weight of Brain and amount of cardiac output received


✓ 3lbs and 15-20% of cardiac output




Prefrontal Area is responsible for what?


✓ Goal-oriented behavior, short term memory, concentration, elaboration

of thought and inhibition of limbic area. (emotions)




Premotor area (Brodmann area 6 ) is responsible for what?


✓ motor movement, extrapyramidal system, eye movement, (Brodmann

area 8, middle frontal gyrus)




Primary motor area is responsible for what?


✓ Primary voluntary motor = somatotropic organization (Homunculus =

little man)

Cerebral cortex controls central impulses for the opposite side of the body.




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