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Florence Nightingale's Impact on Nursing
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖During the Crimean War (1850's), Nightingale
changed the way soldiers were cared for; fought to allow her nurses to
the front lines; reduced mortality from 40% to 2.2%
Florence Nightingale's Evidence & Improvements at the soldier's
hospital (during Crimean War) ✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖In the soldier's
hospital, in the year 1854 and against strong physician opposition,
Nightingale worked with 38 nurses that she hired to improve the
environment and personal condition of every soldier. She and her nurses
also promoted their health by cleanliness, fresh air, clean water, and
good nutrition
Florence Nightingale post-Crimean War
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖Following the war, Nightingale returned to
England and, against physician opposition (only 4 of 100 physicians
approved), established a nursing school at St. Thomas Hospital thanks to
a donation from the public equal to $200k. At the nursing school,
,Nightingale developed an educational program based on the science of
the time.
Nursing School at St. Thomas Hospital
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖Nightingale's curriculum had a key component-
-that nurses need to observe changes in their patients and report them to
the physician.
Florence understood the important of the consistent presence of nurses
with a patient, and that that is central to the nursing role
Florence Nightingale's Nursing Education Model
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖Nightingale combined didactic content and
bedside experience; this model is still followed in all nursing programs
today
Key to this model is that Nightingale based it on a nursing
superintendent being in charge of nurses and nursing students--not
physicians. To this day, nurses regulate ourselves.
Early Nursing Education in the United States
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖During the mid-1800's, the first hospital based
nursing training programs were administered by physicians, not nurses.
The Civil War gave rise to early efforts to develop nursing as a
recognized and distinct profession--not just the off shoot of the
"woman's role"
,Nursing During the Late 1800's in the United States
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖During this period, nurses were trained at
apprentice programs in hospitals, there were no actual nursing schools.
Nurses were not in charge of nurses, so graduates of these programs
were more aligned with the hospital and physicians than with the patient.
First Professional Nursing Organizations ✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖The
American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools was formed in
the mid-1890's
In 1912, it became the National League of Nursing (NLN). NLN is still
one of the main nursing education organizations.
Also in 1912, the Nurses Associated Alumni of the US and Canada
became the American Nurses Association
The American Nurses Association (ANA) ✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖The
ANA is the professional organization for all nurses, regardless of
specialty area or level of education.
The ANA writes the professional standards, the code of ethics, and
works with State Boards of Nursing to regulate the nursing practice
, State Regulation of Nursing ✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖States began to
regulate the licensing of nurses in the early-1900's. Illinois was the first
state to require that nurses be licensed in 1907
Nursing Evolution During World War 1 ✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖More
nurses were needed with the onset of WW1; thus opportunity for
development of the profession occurred--John Hopkins and Columbia
University started a BSN level nursing education.
Linda Richards ✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖The first nurse to graduate in
the United States from a formal nursing program (the program she
attended was founded by Dr. Susan Dimock at the New England
Hospital for Women and Children in 1873; Dimock died in 1875)
The Goldmark Report ✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖During WW1, the
Goldmark Report called for all nurses to be education in universities and
for hospital based training to be terminated.
Role of Nurses in Public Health (early 1900's)
✔✔✔✔✔✔ANSWER➖During the early 1900's, public health became
an area for the most autonomous practice of nursing. The focus was on
helping the poor and destitute.
Key players were Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster.
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