NURS 617 EXAM 5 NEWEST 2025
ACTUAL EXAM STUDYGUIDE
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED CORRECT
ANSWERS | A+ GRADE STUDYGUIDE
2024-2025
aortic stenosis Correct Answer -either d/t genetics or
calcification of aortic valve cusps that increases resistance
of ejection of blood from LV to aorta
-causes measurable decrease in CO; eventually leads to
HF
-differs from aortic sclerosis d/t flow not being obstructed
in sclerosis like it is in stenosis
-s/s: loud systolic murmor or split s2
-tx: valve replacement, cholesterol rx, anti-HTN rx
aortic regurgitation Correct Answer -(aortic insufficiency)
incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of
blood into left ventricle during diastole
-makes L ventricle increase stroke volume to include blood
entering from lungs and blood leaking from aortic valve
-results in pulmonary edema and L side HF
-tx: valve replacement
fetal heart development + circulation (fetal + perinatal)
Correct Answer -heart develops between 4-7 weeks of
gestation; first functioning organ in embryo
,-fetal=o2 through placenta; fetal cardiac output
+HR=higher d/t lower spo2
-perinatal=o2 in lungs
heart disease in pediatrics: prophylactic measures Correct
Answer -prophylactic abx before dental procedures d/t risk
of IE and RF
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Correct Answer -common
in kids; an abnormal opening between the pulmonary
artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus
arteriosus to close after birth
-failure to divert blood from R side of heart away from
lungs; leads to pulmonary HTN and congestion
-s/s: machine like murmor continuous through systole +
diastole, widened pulse pressure
-if untreated=results in congestive HF, IE, calcification,
thrombus formation, aneurysm formation
arterial septal defect Correct Answer -Increased
pulmonary blood flow, risk for pulmonary vascular disease;
increase in blood volume that must be ejected from R
side; prolongs closure of pulmonary valve and produces
separation of aortic + pulmonary components
-there is a hole between the atria; oxygenated blood from
the left atrium is shunted to the right atrium and lungs
-do not compromise children seriously; surgical closure is
recommended before school age; can lead to congestive
heart failure or atrial dysrhythmias later in life if not
corrected
,Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) Correct Answer -set of 4
congenital heart defects occurring together; blood shunted
from R to L
-ventricular septal defect, dextroposition of the aorta, R
ventricular outflow obstruction, R ventricular hypertrophy
-s/s: hypercyanotic "tet" spells (d/t crying, feeding, pooping
d/t increased pulmonary resistance causing decreased
pulmonary blood flow)
-tx: surgery, knee to chest position
transposition of the great vessels Correct Answer -a
congenital abnormality where the aorta is attached to the
right ventricle and the pulmonary artery to the left ventricle
(this is backwards and leads to two separate blood routes)
-surgery needed
coarctation of the aorta (CoA) Correct Answer -severe
congenital narrowing of the aorta
-s/s: weak distal lower extremity pulses, bounding
proximal (ex: carotid and brachial), BP higher in arms than
in legs (normally higher in legs by 10-20 mm Hg)
-surgery needed; risk for HTN post-op
Kawasaki disease Correct Answer -immune response
causes inflammation of blood vessels (hence the
strawberry tongue) & coronary artery aneurysms
-effects skin, brain, eyes, heart, liver, and lymph nodes
-acute phase=4-8 weeks; abrupt fever, conjuctivitis, rash,
swelling/edema, unresponsiveness to abx
-can lead to pericarditis, mitral regurgitation, myocarditis
-subacute=8 weeks-4y; peeling skin, s/s slowly disappear
cardiogenic shock Correct Answer -not enough oxygen is
delivered to the tissues of the body d/t low
CO/hypotension/hypoxia
-severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction
or DVT
hypovolemic shock Correct Answer shock resulting from
blood or fluid loss, most common
obstructive shock Correct Answer -Shock that occurs
when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great
vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's
tissues
-ex: DVT, atherosclerosis
distributive shock Correct Answer -Shock due to a shift of
fluid from blood to tissues; results in low BP, loss of blood
vessel tone, or enlarged vascular compartment
-ex: serious burns, hypothermia
complications of shock Correct Answer Acute renal failure
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