NURS 8022 EXAM 1 2024 WITH ACTUAL
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The most common degenerative change; shift of ECF fluid into cells is called _______.
Cellular swelling (oncosis)
Necrosis (inflammatory change)
Aptosis (not inflammatory). Both are examples of _________.
Cellular Death
programmed cell death involving a cascade of specific cellular events leading to death and destruction of
the cell
Apoptosis
Wasting syndrome of aging
Frality
_______ adds new nucleotides and "proofs" the new protein; if not correct, the incorrect nucleotide is
excised and replaced.
DNA polymerase
DNA code is transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; and protein is subsequently formed
Transcription and translation
transcription and translation (DNA code is transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and protein is
subsequently formed.). Both are mediated by ____.
RNA
What site does protein synthesis occur?
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, Ribosome
This type of fetus do not survive or are stillborn or spontaneously aborted
triploid and tetraploid fetuses
Manifestations: mental challenges, low nasal bridge, epicentral folds, protruding tongue, flat, low set
ears, poor muscle tone. Best known is Trisomy 21, Down syndrome.
Autosomal Aneuploidy
One of the most common aneuploidy; "meta females", have three X chromosomes; symptoms worsen
with each additional x
Trisomy X
Females only have one X chromosome; •X chromosome that is usually inherited from the mother (75%)
often times rec'd paternally.
Turner Syndrome
•Chromosome breakage or loss of DNA. Example: Cri du chat syndrome. Deletion, duplication,
translocation, or inversion?
Deletions
Excess genetic material; usually have less serious consequences. Deletion, duplication, translocation, or
inversion?
Duplications
•Chromosomal rearrangement in which a chromosome segment is inverted: ABCDEFG becomes
ABEDCFG
•Usually affects offspring. Deletion, duplication, translocation, or inversion?
Inversion
The interchange of genetic material between non homologous chromosomes. Deletion, duplication,
translocation, or inversion?
Translocation
A specific type of translocation. •Long arms of two nonhomologous chromosomes fuse at the
centromere, forming a single chromosome; is common in Downs syndrome.
•Normal but have 45 chromosomes only in each cell.
•Offspring have serious deletions or duplications
Robersonian
A ________ is usually the first person in the family diagnosed or seen in a clinic
Proband
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