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Nurs 5220 Pharmacology NA CV Exam Questions and Answers
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Nurs 5220 Pharmacology NA CV Exam Questions and Answers
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Nurs 5220 Pharmacology NA CV ExamQuestions and Answers
What iis ian iaction ipotential? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Fundamental iprocess iunderlying iall
ielectrical iactivity iin ithe iheart.
What iis ithe iresting imembrane ipotential? i- iCorrect iAnswers i--94 imV, iclose ito ithe
iequilibrium ipotential ifor iK+.
What iare icardiac imuscle ifibers? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Cardiac icells ithat icontract iand
iare iconnected iin iseries ito ione ianother iwith igap ijunctions.
How idoes ithe iaction ipotential idevelop iin icardiac imuscle ifibers? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-It
idevelops iin ia imembrane, iand icurrent iflows ifrom ione icell ito ianother ivia igap ijunctions.
What iare igap ijunctions? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Intercellular ichannels ithat ipermit idirect
icell-cell itransfer iof iions irapidly, iwith ilow iresistance.
What ihappens iif icurrent iflow iis isufficient iin igap ijunctions? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-
Sequential idepolarization ioccurs ifrom icell ito icell.
What iis iexcitation-contraction icoupling? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-The igeneration iand
ipropagation iof ielectrical iimpulses iin ithe iheart ithat iresults iin ithe imechanical iresponse
iof icardiomyocyte icontraction.
What iare iT itubules? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Invaginations iof ithe imyocyte isurface ithrough
iwhich ithe iaction ipotential ispreads iinto ithe icell.
What iis icalcium-induced icalcium irelease? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Depolarization ileads ito
ian iinflux iof iCa2+ ivia ia ivoltage-gated iCa2+ ichannel, iwhich ithen ibinds ito ithe
iRyanodine iReceptor i(RyR2) iand icauses irelease iof iCa2+ ifrom ithe isarcoplasmic
ireticulum i(SR) iinto ithe icytoplasm.
What ihappens iwhen iCa2+ ibinds iwith itroponin? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-It iproduces imuscle
icontraction.
,How iis icytoplasmic iCa2+ itaken iback iinto ithe iSR? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Via ian iATP
ipump.
How ican iyou iregulate icardiac iCa2+ idynamics? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-With
ipharmacologic iagents, iwhich ican ichange ithe imechanical ifunction iof ithe iheart.
What iare ithe iprimary ifunctions ialtered iby icalcium? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Inotropy
i(contractility) iand ilusitropy i(relaxation).
What iis ivasoregulation? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-The iregulation iof ivascular ismooth imuscle
i(VSM) itone, icritical ifor imaintaining iblood ipressure iand iproper idistribution iof itissue
iblood iflow.
What iis ivasodilation? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Primarily iassociated iwith idecreased icalcium.
What iis ithe icAMP ipathway? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Activation iof ithe iG-Protein icAMP
ipathway iinhibits iSR iCa2+ irelease.
What iis ithe icGMP ipathway? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Pathway iactivated iby initric ioxide ithat
iinhibits iCa2+ irelease ifrom iSR
What iis ivasoconstriction? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Constriction iof iblood ivessels
What iis ithe iPLC ipathway? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Pathway ithat ievokes iCa2+ irelease
ifrom iSR
What iis ithe iendothelium? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Single ilayer iof ithin icells ilining ithe
isurface iof iblood ivessels
How idoes ithe iendothelium imodulate ivascular ismooth imuscle itone? i- iCorrect iAnswers
i-Via irelease iof iendothelium iderived irelaxing ifactors iand iendothelium iderived
icontracting ifactors
What iare ithe ideterminants iof icardiac ioutput? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Filling ipressure iand
icompliance
What iis icardiac ioutput? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Volume iof iblood ipumped ito ibody itissues
iper iminute
What iis ithe inormal ivalue ifor icardiac ioutput? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-5-6 iL/min
What iis icardiac iindex? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Normalized ivalue ifor icardiac ioutput ibased
ion ibody isurface iarea
What iis ithe inormal ivalue ifor icardiac iindex? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-2.5-3.5 iL/min/m2
, What idetermines iheart irate? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Rhythmic ispontaneous idepolarization
iof ipacemaker icells iin iSA inode
How iis iheart irate imodulated? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-By ithe iautonomic inervous isystem
What iis istroke ivolume? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Difference ibetween iend-diastolic ivolume
iand iend-systolic ivolume
What iinfluences istroke ivolume? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Changes iin iend-diastolic ivolume,
imyocardial icontractility, iand iafterload
What iis ithe iFrank iStarling iLaw? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Strength iof icontraction iis
iproportional ito ithe iinitial ilength iof icardiac imuscle ifiber
How idoes icontractility iaffect ithe imyocardium? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Ability ito iperform
imechanical iwork iindependent iof ichanges iin ipreload ior iafterload
What iis iafterload? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Force iopposing ifiber ishortening iduring
iventricular iejection
What iis ithe iLaw iof iLaplace? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Tension ior istress iin ithe iventricular
iwall iduring iejection
What iis ithe irelationship ibetween ithe itension iwithin ia ifilled isphere iand ithe ithickness iof
iits iwall? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Increasing ithe ithickness iof ithe isphere's iwall idecreases
ithe itension iwithin iit.
How iis iafterload irelated ito iintraventricular ipressure iand isize? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-
Afterload iis idirectly irelated ito iintraventricular ipressure iand isize.
How iis iafterload irelated ito iwall ithickness? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Afterload iis iinversely
irelated ito iwall ithickness.
What iare ithe ideterminants iof imyocardial ioxygen isupply? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Coronary
iblood iflow.
When idoes imost imyocardial iperfusion ioccur? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Most imyocardial
iperfusion ioccurs iduring iheart irelaxation i(diastole).
What iis ithe imain isource iof ioxygen idemand ifor ithe imyocardium? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-
Myocardium idepends ialmost iexclusively ion iaerobic imetabolism.
What ipercentage iof ibasal ioxygen iconsumption idoes imyocardial ioxygen idemand
iaccount ifor? i- iCorrect iAnswers i-Myocardial ioxygen idemand iaccounts ifor i7% iof ibasal
ioxygen iconsumption.
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