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bio 117 exam 1 with 100- correct answers(verified for accuracy).
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BIO 117 final exam with 100%correct answers(verified for
accuracy)
cell theory - answer -all living organisms are made of living cells
-the cell is the basic unit of life
-cells arise from pre-existing cells
implicit in this theory are 2 main ideas:
1. studying cell biology is roughly the same as studying life; many of
the limitations that exist among cells exist among all cells
2. life is continuous; cells come from other cells
ONE CONCLUSION that we can draw is if you trace a cell's lineage
back far enough you will conclude that all cells descended from a
common ancestral cell.
albert Einstein scientific process - answer no amount of
experimentation can prove a hypothesis correct; but one
experiment can prove an entire hypothesis wrong
heterotroph - answer deriving nutrition from other living forms
characteristics of animals - answer -heterotrophs
-flexible cell membranes(ECM) unlike plants who have rigid cell
walls
-glycogen as carbohydrate source rather than starch in plants
-neuromuscular tissue- associated with movement (majority show
locomotion)
-no alternation of generations between multicellular haploid and
diploid life history stages. (unlike in plants the gamete producing
body form is haploid). animals are diploid for every life stage
,protists ancestors of animals - answer *CLOSEST LIVING RELATIVE
are the choanoflagellate protist
-the phylum porifera- most ancient animal phylum. similarity
between the feeding cell members of the choanoflagellate and the
choanocyte cells of sponges
-"micro feeders"- have the same flagellated color cells. show a
phylogenetic connection between protists ad animals as well as
support belief that these specialized cells evolved when only the
smallest suspended organisms were available as food. no animals
currently other than sponges are able to capture this small of food
order of taxonomic ranks - answer kingdom, phylum, class, order,
family, genus, species
fundamental traits used to define animal groups - answer 1. no
primary germ layer- all cells remain totipotent (they can generate
into any type of cell in an animal body) opposed to plants
meristemic cells for example) ex. sponges
2. diploblastic- have only ectoderm and endoderm
3. triploblastic- 3 major germ layers 1.the ectoderm, 2. endoderm,
and 3. the mesoderm(giving rise the the muscles, bones and most
organ systems (MOST ANIMALS)
cephalized - answer "development of a head"
meaning with higher levels of organization, more developed sensory
and nerve tissues are more concentrated at the leading edge of
movement
body symmetry - answer -asymmetry- cannot be divided into equal
and opposite halves ex sponge
-radial symmetry- these animals have a circular body with equally
effective action/response through the center of the animal (ex. jelly
fish)
, -bilateral halves- only one plane will subdivide the animal into equal
halves (ex. mammals)
body cavity - answer among animals that have mesoderm:
1.acoelomate- no body cavity exists (ex. flatworms and jellyfish)
2.pseodocoelomate- has a body cavity without mesodermal singing.
allows for better diffusion of substances throughout the body and
better maneuverability ex. mollusks
3.eucoelomate- has a body cavity and internal organs covered with
a membrane derived from mesoderm. best protection from rubbing
and foreign antigens entering the coelom from a wound FOUND IN
MOST HIGHER ORGANISMS
embryology - answer protostomes- organisms in which the
blastopore as an embryo develops into a mouth
deuterostomes- embryo in which the blastopore develops into the
anus (aus develops first) then the mouth develops
classification of Phyla (classification of 5 major groupings of
animals) - answer 1.) asymmetric animals without germ layers
-ex. phylum porifera (sponges)
2.)the radiates- diploblastic animals with radial symmetry
-ex. phylum cnidaria (ex. coral, anemones, jellyfish) still acoelomate
(no body cavities)
3.) lophotrochozoan protostomes- triblastic animals with bilateral
symmetry, blastopore becoming the mouth, showing growth without
shedding
- phylum platyhelminthes: flatworms (still has no body cavities),
segmented worms, mollusks, snails octopus, squid, clams
-phylum annelida ex. segmented worms
-phylum mollusca ex. chitins, snails, clams, squids, octopus, and
others
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