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NATURAL SCIENCE FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
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NATURAL SCIENCE FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
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NATURAL SCIENCE FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDEBiology - Answers -The study of life and living things
cell membrane - Answers -the structure that separates the inside of the cell from the
outside of the cell
Cells - Answers -the basic units that make up all living organisms
Chloroplast - Answers -the organelle in plant cells that capture energy from sunlight to
build organic molecules
Chromosomes - Answers -DNA containing structures in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Cytoplasm - Answers -the part of the cell that is outside the nucleus
DNA - Answers -deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that stores genetic information in
living organisms; a double-stranded molecule consisting of a sugar-phosphate
backbone attached to a series of nitrogenous bases
Eukaryotes - Answers -Organisms whose cells have a nucleus, such as animals and
plants
mitochondria - Answers -organelles that break down food molecules to provide the
energy that cells need to carry out their function
nucleus - Answers -a structure in eukaryotic cells that contains the cells DNA
Organelles - Answers -structures in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that have specific
functions
organism - Answers -an individual living thing such as a plant or an animal
Prokaryote - Answers -organisms whose cells have no nucleus, such as bacteria
active transport - Answers -transport across the cell membrane in which energy is
required from the cell
ATP - Answers -adenosine triphosphate, the molecule that provides energy for most
cellular process
cellular respiration - Answers -the aerobic, or oxygen-using breakdown of glucose to
obtain ATP
enzyme - Answers -a protein that lowers the activation energy for a chemical reaction,
allowing the reaction to happen more quickly
, mitosis - Answers -a type of cell division in which one cell divides into two cells, each of
which has the same genetic information as the original cell
passive transport - Answers -transport across the cell membrane that does not require
energy from the cell, such as diffusion and facilitated diffusion
photosynthesis - Answers -the process in plants and certain other organisms in which
light energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy in organic molecules
Adaptation - Answers -a trait that makes organisms well suited to living and reproducing
in their enviorements
artificial selection - Answers -the breeding of organism with traits humans like in order to
produce offspring with similar traits
Evolution - Answers -inherited changes in living organisms over time
heritable - Answers -describes traits that are passed from parents to offspring because
they are determined at least partly by genes
natural selection - Answers -organisms with heritable, advantageous treats leave more
offspring than organisms with other traits, causing advantageous traits to become more
common in a population over time
speciation - Answers -the formation of new and distinct species in the course of
evolution
species - Answers -a group of organisms whose members can breed with one another
but not with members of other species
variation - Answers -differences in a trait from one individual to another
biogeochemical cycles - Answers -the movement of substances such as water, carbon
and nitrogen between the tissues of living organisms and the abiotic world
biomass - Answers -the amount of organic matter in an ecosystem
biome - Answers -one of the eighth major types of terrestrial ecosystem
community - Answers -all the organisms that live within a given area
consumer - Answers -an organisms that obtains food by eating other organisms
decomposer - Answers -an organism that obtains food by eating dead organic matter
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