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HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED EXPLANATIONS | GRADED A+ | VERIFIED ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION (JUST RELEASED)$27.99
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HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED EXPLANATIONS | GRADED A+ | VERIFIED ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION (JUST RELEASED)
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HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Institution
HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED EXPLANATIONS | GRADED A+ | VERIFIED ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION (JUST RELEASED)
HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE EXAM
AND STUDY GUIDE | ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAIILED
EXPLANATIONS | GRADED A+ | VERIFIED
ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION (JUST
RELEASED)
The nurse is preparing to administer atropine, an anticholinergic, to a client
who is scheduled for a
cholecystectomy. The client asks the nurse to explain the reason for the
prescribed medication. What response is best for the nurse to provide?
A. Provide a more rapid induction of anesthesia.
B. Decrease the risk of bradycardia during surgery.
C. Induce relaxation before induction of anesthesia.
D. Minimize the amount of analgesia needed postoperatively. ------
CORRECT ANSWER---------------B. Decrease the risk of bradycardia during
surgery.
Atropine may be prescribed preoperatively to increase the
automaticity of the sinoatrial node and prevent a dangerous reduction
in heart rate (B) during surgical anesthesia. (A, C and D) do not
address the therapeutic action of atropine use perioperatively.
A deficiency of intrinsic factor should alert the nurse to assess a client's
history for which condition?
A. Emphysema.
B. Hemophilia.
C. Pernicious anemia.
D. Oxalic acid toxicity. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C. Pernicious
anemia.
Pernicious anemia (C) is a type of anemia due to failure of absorption
of cobalamin (Vit B12). The most common cause is lack of intrinsic
,factor, a glucoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the gastric
lining. (A, B, and D) are incorrect.
The nurse is assessing an older client and determines that the client's left
upper eyelid droops, covering more of the iris than the right eyelid. Which
description should the nurse use to document this finding?
A. Ptosis on the left eyelid.
B. A nystagmus on the left.
C. Astigmatism on the right.
D. Exophthalmos on the right. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A.
Ptosis on the left eyelid.
Ptosis is the term to describe an eyelid droop that covers a large
portion of the iris (A), which may result from oculomotor nerve or
eyelid muscle disorder. (B) is characterized by rapid, rhythmic
movement of both eyes. (C) is a distortion of the lens of the eye,
causing decreased visual acuity. (D) is a term used to describe a
protrusion of the eyeballs that occurs with hyperthyroidism.
A client with aortic valve stenosis develops heart failure (HF). Which
pathophysiological finding occurs in the myocardial cells as a result of the
increased cardiac workload?
A. Increase in size.
B. Decrease in length.
C. Increase in number.
D. Decrease in excitability. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A.
Increase in size.
Hypertension and incompetent or stenotic heart valves cause an
increase in the workload of the heart by increasing afterload which
requires an increase in the force of contraction to pump blood out of
the heart. Myocardial hypertrophy results because the cells increase
in surface area or size (A) by increasing the amount of contractile
proteins, but the quantity (C) of fibers remain constant. As myocardial
,hypertrophy progresses, the heart becomes ineffective as a pump
because the ventricular wall cannot develop enough tension to cause
effective contraction (B), which causes myocardial irritability (D) due
to hypoxia.
The nurse is measuring blood pressure on all four extremities of a child
with coarctation of the aorta.
Which blood pressure finding should the nurse expect to obtain?
A. Hgher on the left side.
B. Higher on the right side.
C. Lower in the arms than in the legs.
D. Lower in the legs than in the arms. ------CORRECT ANSWER--------------
-D. Lower in the legs than in the arms.
In coarctation of the aorta, a congenital constriction is found at the
aorta near the ductus arteriosus region that lies past the left
subclavian arteries, which perfuses the upper extremities. The child
should have higher blood pressures in the upper extremities than in
the legs (D). (A, B, and C) are not expected in coarctation.
What is the underlying pathophysiologic process between free radicals and
destruction of a cell
membrane?
A. Inadequate mitochondrial ATP.
B. Enzyme release from lysosomes.
C. Defective chromosomes for protein.
D. Defective integral membrane proteins. ------CORRECT ANSWER----------
-----B. Enzyme release from lysosomes.
Oxidative damage to cells is thought to be a causative factor in
disease and aging. If free radicals bind to polyunsaturated fatty acids
found in the lysosome membrane, the lysosome, nicknamed "suicide
bags", leaks its protein catalytic enzymes (B) intracellularly and the
cell is destroyed. Inadequate ATP production (A) and defective
, protein synthesis (C) lead to cell death either as the result of defective
chromosomes or production of defective integral proteins (D).
A male client who has never smoked but has had COPD for the past 5
years is now being assessed for
cancer of the lung. The nurse knows that he is most likely to develop which
type of lung cancer?
A. Adenocarcinoma.
B. Oat-cell carcinoma.
C. O Malignant melanoma.
D. Squamous-cell carcinoma. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------A.
Adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma is the only lung cancer not related to cigarette
smoking (A). It has been found to be directly related to lung scarring
and fibrosis from preexisting pulmonary disease such as TB or
COPD. Both (B and D) are malignant lung cancers related to cigarette
smoking. (C) is a skin cancer and is related to exposure to sunlight,
not to lung problems.
The nurse reviews the complete blood count (CBC) findings of an
adolescent with acute myelogenous
leukemia (AML). The hemoglobin is 13.8 g/dl, hematocrit is 36.7%, white
blood cell count is 8,200 mm3, and platelet count is 115,000 mm3. Based
on these findings, what is the priority nursing diagnosis for this client's plan
of care?
A. Impaired gas exchange.
B. Risk for infection.
C. Risk for injury.
D. Risk for activity intolerance. ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------C.
Risk for injury.
A client with AML is at risk for anemia, neutropenia, and
thrombocytopenia. These CBC findings indicate that the platelet
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