EPHE 155 Quiz 3 || A+ Verified Solutions.
almost one in every ___ children in Canada are overweight and obese correct answers 3
4 risks of being underweight correct answers siege or famine, hospital stays, wasting disease,
cancer
3 risks of being overweight correct answers hypertension, heart disease, diabetes
central obesity is associated with ____ fat correct answers visceral
visceral fat correct answers accumulates within abdominal cavity, more risky because fat is
readily released into the bloodstream. "apple" body shape
subcutaneous fat correct answers just below skin surface, more common and more healthy.
"pear" body shape
4 factors that affect fat distribution correct answers smoking, alcohol intake, menopause,
physical (in)activity
2 things measured for diagnosis of overweight obesity correct answers BMI and body
composition/fat distribution
basal metabolism correct answers minimum energy expended to keep a resting, awake body alive
what percentage of energy is used for basal metabolism? correct answers 60-70%
thermic effect of food correct answers energy used to digest, absorb, and metabolize food
nutrients
what percentage of food energy is used by the thermic effect? correct answers 5-10%
which macronutrient is the thermic effect of food highest for? correct answers protein (then carb,
then fat)
adaptive thermogenesis correct answers nonvoluntary physical activity, maintenance of muscle
tone, and maintenance of muscle
hunger occurs approximately ____ hours after eating correct answers 4-6
hunger is a response to a ______ need, appetite is a response to a _____ need correct answers
physiological, psychological
hunger is triggered by (4) correct answers ghrelin, contracting stomach, empty small intestine,
signals from the brain
, ____ can override ____ and result in overeating correct answers appetite, hunger
satiation and satiety difference correct answers satiation is actual fullness, satiety is perception of
fullness (?)
most satiating foods correct answers protein, fibre, water, puffed up with air
enzyme theory correct answers elevated concentrations of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which can
cause excess fat storage
fat cell number theory correct answers body fatness determined by number and size of fat cells,
fat cell number may increase more rapidly in obese children which gives them a lifelong
tendency towards obesity
thermogenesis 1 theory (brown fat) correct answers brown fat is more efficient at converting
energy to heat, people with more brown fat may stay leaner
thermogenesis 2 theory (heat conversion) correct answers many tissues convert stored energy
into heat, partly to waste fuel when energy is too high. efficiency of this system is genetic
thermogenesis 3 theory (metabolism) correct answers in lean people who have eaten a meal,
metabolism briefly speeds up, but in some obese people there is no change after eating.
1-2 pound change could be _______ correct answers body fat, body fluid, bone minerals, lean
tissue, contents in bladder or digestive tract
gradual weight loss is preferred so that _____ correct answers lean tissue is spared
what are two out-of-the-body causes of obesity correct answers physical inactivity, food pricing,
availability, and advertising
three external cues to overeating correct answers available foods, human sensations, and stress
what happens if someone has undernutrition of protein correct answers skin becomes thinner,
sensitivity to antigen is delayed, immune cell numbers are reduced and immune organs shrink,
overall immune system is much weaker
toxicities of minerals that impair immunity correct answers iron, zinc
at the root of most cardiovascular diseases: _______ correct answers atherosclerosis
two risk factors for atherosclerosis correct answers high saturated fat, stress
atherosclerosis is also the body's _____ response to _____ damage correct answers
inflammatory, tissue
