Who requires more protein? correct answers children, adolescents, pregnant/lactating women, vegetarians, athletes
Vegetarianism correct answers restricting the diet to foods of plant origin
why do people choose to be vegetarian? correct answers health benefits, ecological reasons, religious r...
EPHE 155 exam 2 || with 100% Verified Solutions.
Who requires more protein? correct answers children, adolescents, pregnant/lactating women,
vegetarians, athletes
Vegetarianism correct answers restricting the diet to foods of plant origin
why do people choose to be vegetarian? correct answers health benefits, ecological reasons,
religious reasons, ethical reasons, concerns over food safety
health benefits of vegetarianism correct answers lower intake of fat and total energy
lower blood pressure
reduce the risk of heart disease
reduce the risk of some types of cancer
fewer digestive problems
challenges of vegetarianism correct answers - low in some vitamins and minerals
(iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B12, niacin, omega-3 fatty acids)
- vegetarians must plan a balanced adequate diet
- should include complementary proteins
- should use the vegetarian food guide pyramid
protein-energy malnutrition correct answers - disorder caused by inadequate intake of protein
and energy
- two common forms:
Marasmus
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus correct answers severe calorie and protein deficit
- skin and bones appearance with little or no subcutaneous fat tissue
- disease resulting from severely inadequate intakes of protein, energy, and other nutrients
- severe wasting of muscle tissue
- stunted physical growth
- stunted brain development
- Anemia
Kwashiorkor correct answers Moderate calorie deficit with severe protein deficit, especially in
light of increased needs due to infections
- edema with maintenance of some subcutaneous fat tissue
- disease resulting from extremely low protein intake
- Ghanaian name for "evil spirit that infects the first child when the second child is born"
- some weight loss and muscle wasting, retarded growth and development
- often seen in children in developing countries
Genetic disease that result in protein abnormalities correct answers - Phenylketonuria
- sickle cell anemia
,- cystic fibrosis
What are the risks of eating too much protein? correct answers - high cholesterol and heart
disease
(diets high in protein from animal sources are associated with high cholesterol)
- possible bone loss
(high protein diets MAY causes excess calcium excretion leading to bone loss)
- increased risk of kidney disease - especially for those susceptible to it
Protein supplements correct answers - protein is plentiful in the Canadian diet
- Increasing protein intake above RDA will not make your hair shine, protect you from disease,
or make your muscles grow - protein synthesis is a rate limited process
- supplements are potentially harmful, expensive and can add calories to the diet
- consistently high protein intake can lead to dehydration
Amino acid supplements correct answers - high intakes of individual AAs can harm health
- can disrupt normal protein production
- overwhelm cells with surplus of some AA and relative deficit of others
Methionine correct answers - intake 2-5x normal amount consumed from foods
- worsen symptoms of schizophrenia
- promote hardening of the arteries
- impair fetal and infant development
- nausea, vomiting
- bad breath
- constipation
Lysine correct answers a-amino acid used in the biosynthesis of proteins
- attempts to prevent or relieve herpes infections
- cannot prevent herpes and whether it reduces outbreaks or is safe is unknown
Arginine, Ornithine and Leucine correct answers - stimulate release of growth hormone -->
muscle growth
- AA marketed to those who want to lose fat and gain muscle
- amount in the supplements is too small to stimulate GH
Leucine, isoleucine, valine, arginine, alanine correct answers - taken to enhance exercise
performance
- studies have not been able to show any benefit
- glycine --> precursor to creatine but does not provide the ergogenic effects that creatine does
What are the claims made about glutamine? correct answers - increase muscle glycogen
deposition
- prevent lactic acid and accumulation
- enhance immune function
- prevent adverse effects of overtraining
, - no evidence to support these claims
Tryptophan claims, side effects and what happened in the 80s correct answers supposed to
relieve pain, depression and insomnia
- side effects are severe nausea and skin disorders
in the 80s people taking tryptophan developed a blood disorder from contaminants and 15% died
Beta-alanine correct answers - combines with histidine in muscle to form carnosine... a major
cellular buffer
- allows for increased time to fatigue
- increased power output
- supplementation can cause peripheral 'tingling' in face and hand
- studies up to 12 weeks of ingestion show no long-term side effects
amino acid supplements and muscle mass correct answers - protein powders and aa supplements
DO NOT cause muscle growth - healthy diet and strength training
- current research suggests you may be able to enhance muscle build-up by consuming 20 grams
of high quality protein with some CHO immediately following exercise
bottom line on amino acid supplements correct answers - no safety research in existence so no
tolerable upper limit can be set
- long term consumption not recommended
cannot be certain of their safety or effectiveness
three groups of natural health products (NHPs) - dietary supplements correct answers - vitamin
and mineral supplements
- specialized sport foods that address the specific nutritional needs of athletes
- nutritional ergogenic aids
regulation of dietary supplements correct answers - 2004 NHP regulations came into effect
- manufacturing, packaging, labeling, storage, importation, distribution and sale of NHPs are
now under federal regulation
have to meet the same standards of quality and safety as drugs
regulation of dietary supplements correct answers - supplements that do not claim to diagnose,
prevent or cure disease are not subject to regulation by the FDA
- no requirement to prove claimed benefits
- no requirement to show safety for acute and chronic intake
no requirement for quality assurance
- no requirement for stringent labeling regulations
what supplements/food falls under the Canadian Food inspection Agency (CFIA)? correct
answers sports supplements such as sport drinks, protein powders, energy bars, and meal
replacement products
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