Bio 104 Exam 3 Questions and Answers 100% Solved Guaranteed Success
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Course
Bio 104
Institution
Bio 104
Bio 104 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
100% Solved Guaranteed Success
four stages of food processing - 1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Elimination
ingestion - the act of eating or feeding
Digestion - Food is broken down into small molecules that can be used
by the body•
Mechanic...
Digestion - ✔✔Food is broken down into small molecules that can be used
by the body•
Mechanical digestion involves chewing or grinding•
Chemical digestion cleaves molecules into small components using
digestive enzymes and the addition of water
absorption - ✔✔cells take up small molecules
elimination - ✔✔undigested material passes out of the system
,what types of digestion occurs in the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus -
✔✔carbohydrate digestion: polysaccharides and diasaccrides become
smaller polysaccharides and maltose by salivary amylase
what types of digestion occurs in the stomach - ✔✔Protein digestion:
proteins get broken down into small poly peptides via pepsin
what types of digestion occurs in the small intestine (enzymes from
pancreas) - ✔✔carbohydrate Digestion: small polysaccharides break down
to disaccharides via the pancreatic amylases
protien digestion: small polypeptides break down to smaller polypeptides
via pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin. then the small peptides break
down to become small peptides via the pancreatic carboxypeptidase
nucleic acid digestion: DNA and RNA break down into nucleotides via
pancreatic nucleases
Fat digestion: fats break down to glycerol, fatty, acids, monoglycerides via
pancreatic lipase.
,what types of digestion occurs in the small intestine (enzymes from
intestinal epithlium) - ✔✔carbohydrate digestion: disaccharides break down
to monosaccharides via disaccharidases
protein digestion: small peptides breakdown to amino acids via
dipeptidases, carboxypeptidase, and aminopeptidase
nucleic acid digestion: nucleotides break down to nucleosides via
nucleotidases. nucleosides then break down to nitrogen bases, sugars, and
phosphates via nucleosidases and phosphatases
the ingestion process - ✔✔Food processing begins at the oral cavity
(mouth)
• Anticipation or arrival of food triggers the release of saliva
Teeth mash/grind food into smaller pieces
The tongue manipulates the saliva and food into a bolus to move to the
back of the oral cavity to the pharynx
, Food is pushed along by peristalsis within the esophagus
The food bolus (ground up food) encounters a sphincter at the end of the
esophagus
what does saliva do - ✔✔Saliva contains mucus, which lubricates food and
protects the gums, buffers to prevent tooth decay, antimicrobial agents to
protect against bacteria, and amylase, an enzyme to break down starch
and glycogen
Amylase - ✔✔Enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches
Pharynx - ✔✔throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the
larynx
sphincter - ✔✔ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a
passageway
Peristalsis - ✔✔Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food
moving along in one direction through the digestive system.
stomach purpose - ✔✔The stomach stores food andprocesses food into a
liquidsuspension
gastric juice - ✔✔is digestive fluid that is secreted to mix with food to form
chyme
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