A document outlining how to set up and carry out the required practicals for triple science: chemistry. These are textbook answers that got me an A* in chemistry. There are doodles included in the document to help with visualising how the practical is set up, but do not draw these diagram in your e...
Get fixedmolarity/volume of dilute sulfuric acid (the
Spatula
reactant for full
limiting
a a
·
neutralisation & to thatthe acid doesn't contaminate the
ensure
salt)
acid until beaker (above flame, not
the it is almost
boiling in a
Gently heat
· a
touching) add small to the acid
· Use a metal spatula to amounts of copper oxide
the solution with
rod
Stir
glass
·
a
Continue if the solution continues to be clear blue
adding copper oxide
·
a .
acid left at the bottom of the flask
Stop adding if there
·
·
is
tripodandgauze
.
upon
a
-
bunsen burner
light
once
a
underneata
and the basin
tripod place on the
gauze to boil
off the
liquid,
·
Once can see beginning
crystalsheart to form
carefully remove the
,
basin/dish
you from the (with
something
like forceps)&
place in
like a window sill , to allow
an area with sunlight ,
stals
the
excess
liquid
the
to evaporate off to
prevent burning cry
,&
Titration readings from belowthe
make to take
Always
miniscus
sure
·
Use a
pippette transfer 25cm3
to of NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) solution into a conicalflash [with a
pippettefillerI
· Add2-3 dropso an indicator (like phenolphthaleirs) colleali(NaOH) in the coricalflask
to the
cour
· Place the flask on a white file
so that a
change is better visible .
·
Fill burette with HCL
a
Chydochloric acid) to the brim .
Recordinitial acid volume & then add the acid drops
the alladi in intervals the flash in between
·
into
swirling
,
·
Stop adding the acid in once a colour
change is detected from Si e
. if
phenolphthalein was used the colour would
.
,
go
to colourless) finalvolume
from
recording
the .
pink ,
oacid
needto neutralise repeat the at least
Canthe volume proces times f concordant ret
6
copper
approxiamety sy
(11) chloride solution
50cm
into a beaker
.
Place plastic petridish holes top of the beaker, rods will be inserted
graphite
· a with two on where two carbon
.
The
·
electrodes inert because carbon unreactive When
graphiteelse electrodes (the carbon
are is
inserting the
graphite rods).
.
make sure that
they
are not too close
together or
they'll short circuit
.
Attach crocodile to the electrodes & terminals of
·
leads/clips then, connect the rods to the a
low-voltagepower
supply
& switch it on copper should coat the cathode and bubbles should surround the anode
Select 4V the
power supply
· =
on ,
detectif)
chlorine (use blue litmus paper to
alongside smell
-
a of .
Sodium chloride :
anode has chlorine gas and
cathode has
the
hydrogen
gas
Anode positive Cathode
negative
= =
Abeacher I
Copper[11) chloride solution
Petri dish with holes
Carbon
graphite rods
Power
supply
Crocodile leads (with
wire)
, . Temperature
Change
4
+ Lif
Polystyrene ap
-- Acidsolution (HC)
Alseali solution (NaOH)
to 30mm3gHCL
cylinder
measure Themometer
Use
measuring
·
a
acid
, transfer
Then the into
polystyrene cup
·
a
acid with themometer
a
Recordthe initial temperature of the Joms NaOH and
·
into the
to mensure
g put that polystyrenecop
Use
measuring cylinder
·
a
·
Quickly place on the
rup's plastic
lidand
place the
themometer
through the hole in the Sid
themometer to the solution
Use the
gently stir
·
Record the reached when
·
highest temperative the
temperature of the themometer longerchanges no
10cm3
·
Repeat the first 7 steps gNaOHindead
using foreach of 5 and then repeat severaltimes
addin
g
Jun's
of the
NaOH
repeat until 40cm3 of the NaOH used
more
. is
beforehand 2-3
Repeat allthe
steps
times for for each volume
. NaOH.
·
a mean
#
u
With the results, draw graph
a
·
Rates
of
Turbidity
=
cloudiness
Reaction
·
Use a measuring Cylinder toput 10cms of sodium this sulfate solution into a conical flask
·
Place conical flash on a printedblack cross
Then add 10cms HCL into the conical flash
o
·
stopwatch stop the watch be clook
· Swirl the solution and start a ,
when the cross can no
longer seen
directly
into the comical flash with
,
in case
goggleslower of a .
splash)
out concentrations of sodium this sulfate each time
Carry experiment again using
·
values for each concentration of socium
Repeat the whole
·
experiment
@ calculate mean
thiosulfate solution
Reproducible : If it can be
repeated
by another
person or
different and stil
using a
technique or
equipment get the same
result .
⑧
toplace 50cras
Use
measuring cylinder gHCt into conical flase
·
a a
and
·
Attach conical flash to
bung delivery a tube
filled with water
delivery tube
Now into container
place
· a
also filled with water over the
·
Place upturned
measuring cylinder delivery tube
·
AddSum strip of to the HCL andstart stopwatch a
magnesium 10 seconds the volume wil be recordedu the
as is
Hydrogen
gas g trapped
menringcylinders every
into
·
,
Repeat with different concentrations of HCL
.
·
1
1
sodium thiosulfate
acid
Hydrochloric
Conical flask
White file with black cross
watch
raylinder
Water
Reliverythea trip
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